Malayemys Lindholm 1931, Zool. Anz. Leipzig 97:30.
TYPE SPECIES: Geoclemys macrocephala Gray 1859 (=Emys subtrijuga Schlegel and Müller 1844), by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini. Malayemys is a replacement name for Damonia Gray 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :193, which is preoccupied by Damonia Robineau-Desvoidy 1847 (Insecta: Diptera).
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: ID, KH, MY, TH, VN.

Malayemys subtrijuga (Schlegel and Müller 1844), In: Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt., Schildp. :30.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys subtrijuga.
TYPES: 3 Syntypes: RMNH 6082, 6084, 6085.
TYPE LOCALITY: Java.
DISTRIBUTION: Thailand and southern Vietnam to Java, Indonesia.
COMMENT: Based on what is entered in the BMNH catalog, Iverson 1986, Checklist Turt. World :50, lists BMNH 1947.3.4.53 as the holotype. Iverson (personal communication) further states the catalog entry indicates BMNH 1947.3.4.53 is specimen "m," which Boulenger 1889, Cat. Chel. Rhynch. Croc. British Mus. :95, listed as a composite specimen, a skeleton of Damonia [=Malayemys] subtrijuga with a skull of Nicoria [=Melanochelys] trijuga attached. Reviewed by Smith 1931, Fauna British India, Rept. Amph. 1:105-106; Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :161-163 (as Damonia subtrijuga); and Taylor 1970, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 49:114-118.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, M. Hoogmoed, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: ID, KH, MY, TH, VN.
COMMON NAME: Malayan snail-eating turtle, Three-ridged terrapin.

Mauremys Gray 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :500.
TYPE SPECIES: Emys fuliginosa Gray 1860 (=Testudo leprosa Schweigger 1812), by subsequent designation of Lindholm 1929, Zool. Anz. Leipzig 81:281.
DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Africa, southern Europe, and Middle East to Japan.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AL, CN, CY, DZ, ES, FR, GM, GR, IL, IQ, IR, JO, JP, LB, LY, MA, MR, NE, PT, SA, SU, SY, TN, TR, TW, VN, YU.

Mauremys caspica (Gmelin 1774), Reise Russland 3:59.
ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo caspica.
TYPE: Not traced.
TYPE LOCALITY: Pusahat Creek (=Pirsagat) near Schamachie, Transcaucasia, U.S.S.R.
DISTRIBUTION: Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to Israel, northeastern Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan in the U.S.S.R.; Crete and Cyprus.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Busack and Ernst 1980, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49:251-264.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
STATUS: Berne Convention: Appendix II. Honegger 1981, Handb. Rept. Amph. Europas Suppl. :95-96, assayed them for the Council of Europe and listed Mauremys caspica leprosa as Vulnerable (in this checklist, caspica and leprosa are treated as separate species), and Mauremys caspica rivulata as Indeterminate and protected by law in Yugoslavia.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AL, BG, CY, GR, IL, IQ, IR, JO, LB, SA, SU, SY, TR, YU.
COMMON NAME: Striped-necked terrapin, Caspian terrapin, Emyde.

Mauremys japonica (Temminck and Schlegel 1835 [1838]), In: Von Siebold, Fauna Japon., Rept. 3:54.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys vulgaris japonica.
TYPES: 9 Syntypes: 8 specimens in the series RMNH 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, and 6142; and also MNHN 1954.
TYPE LOCALITY: Japan.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Japan, south of Tokyo.
COMMENT: See Stejneger 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 58:492-496 (as Clemmys japonica).
REVIEWER: J. Carr, M. Hoogmoed, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: JP.
COMMON NAME: Japanese terrapin.

Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger 1812), Königsberg Arch. Naturwiss. Math. 1:298.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys leprosa.
TYPE: Not stated; MNHN according to Loveridge and Williams 1957, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 115:195.
TYPE LOCALITY: Not stated; designated as "Sudespanien" (=southern Spain) by Mertens and Müller 1940, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 451:20.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa; Spain, Portugal, and southern France, and western Libya to Mauritania and south to northern Niger and southern Algeria.
COMMENT: See Loveridge and Williams 1957, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 115:192-201 (as Clemmys caspica leprosa). Reviewed by Busack and Ernst 1980, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49:251-264.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
STATUS: Honegger 1981, Handb. Rept. Amph. Europas Suppl. :95-96, assayed this taxon for the Council of Europe and listed it under the name Mauremys caspica leprosa as Vulnerable (in this checklist, caspica and leprosa are treated as separate species) as Indeterminate and protected by law in Yugoslavia.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: DZ, ES, FR, GM, LY, MA, MR, NE, PT, TN.
COMMON NAME: Mediterranean terrapin, Spanish terrapin, Leprous terrapin.

Mauremys nigricans (Gray 1834), Proc. Zool. Soc. London :53.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys nigricans.
TYPE: Not traced.
TYPE LOCALITY: "in China prope Canton".
DISTRIBUTION: Southern People's Republic of China, including Taiwan, Hainan, and southwestern Ryu Kyu islands, to northern Vietnam.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :169-170 (as Clemmys mutica), and Pope 1935, Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10:39-41. Includes Mauremys mutica (Cantor 1842) according to McDowell 1964, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 143(2):239-279. See comment under Annamemys annamensis.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN, LA, TW, VN.
COMMON NAME: Chinese terrapin, Black turtle, Asian yellow pond turtle.

Melanochelys Gray 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :187.
TYPE SPECIES: Emys trijuga Schweigger 1812, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: India, Bangladesh, Burma, Sri Lanka.
COMMENT: Tribe Geoemydini. See comment under Batagurinae.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BD, BU, IN, LK.

Image of tricarinate hill turtle
Melanochelys tricarinata (Blyth 1856). Illustration by Urs Woy.
Copyright © 1989, 1997 Association of Systematics Collections.

Melanochelys tricarinata (Blyth 1856), J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 24:714.
ORIGINAL NAME: Geoemyda tricarinata.
TYPE: ZSI, presumably, but see comment below.
TYPE LOCALITY: Chaibasa District, Chota Nagpur, India.
DISTRIBUTION: Ganges and Brahmaputra drainages of northeastern India and Bangladesh.
COMMENT: Iverson 1986, Checklist Turt. World :55, believes the holotype is in the IMC, which today is primarily an ethnographic museum. Many specimens reported to be in the IMC, or in the museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, are in the ZSI. See Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:95-96 (as Geoemyda tricarinata).
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix I; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Endangered. See Honegger 1985, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual 3: A-301.007.023.001:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BD, IN.
COMMON NAME: Tricarinate hill turtle, Three-keeled land tortoise.

Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger 1812), Königsberg. Arch. Naturwiss. Math. 1:310.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys trijuga.
TYPE: Formerly in MNHN.
TYPE LOCALITY: "insula Java" (in error).
DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka and southern peninsular India; northeastern India, Bangladesh, and Burma; Maldive and Chagos islands.
COMMENT: According to Wermuth and Mertens 1977, Das Tierreich 100:35 (under Geoemyda trijuga), and Iverson 1986, Checklist Turt. World :56, Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:198, (Holotype: ZMUU 129), may be an older name for this species -- see also Pritchard and Trebbau 1984, Turt. Venezuela 2:182. See Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:97-101; Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :155-156 (as Geoemyda trijuga); and Pritchard 1979, Encycl. Turt. :204-206.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BD, BU, IN, LK, MV.
COMMON NAME: Indian black turtle.

Morenia Gray 1870, Suppl. Cat. Shield Rept. British Mus. 1:62.
TYPE SPECIES: Emys berdmorei Blyth 1859 (=Emys ocellata Duméril and Bibron 1835), by subsequent designation of Lindholm 1929, Zool. Anz. Leipzig 81:275-295.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Asia.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BD, BU.

Image of Burmese eyed turtle
Morenia ocellata (Duméril and Bobron 1835). Illustration by Urs Woy.
Copyright © 1989, 1997 Association of Systematics Collections.

Morenia ocellata (Duméril and Bibron 1835), Erpét. Gén. Hist. Nat. Rept. 2:329.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys ocellata.
TYPES: 3 Syntypes: MNHN 9167, 9168, 9169.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Bengale" (in error).
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Burma and northwestern Malay peninsula.
COMMENT: See Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:120, and Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :173-175.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix I; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Endangered. See Honegger 1985, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual 3: A-301.007.024.001:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BU.
COMMON NAME: Burmese eyed turtle, Burmese swamp turtle.

Morenia petersi (Anderson 1879), Anat. Zool. Res. W. Yunnan:761.
ORIGINAL NAME: Batagur (Morenia) petersi.
TYPE: ZSI, presumably, but see comment below.
TYPE LOCALITY: Huzurapur (Jessore District), Furreedpore and Dacca, Bangladesh.
DISTRIBUTION: Lower Ganges drainages of India and Bangladesh.
COMMENT: Iverson 1986, Checklist Turt. World :58, believes the holotype is in the IMC, which today is primarily an ethnographic museum. Many specimens reported to be in the IMC, or in the museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, are in the ZSI. See Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:121-122.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BD, IN.
COMMON NAME: Indian eyed turtle.


Notochelys Gray 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :177.
TYPE SPECIES: Emys platynota Gray 1834, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: ID, KH, MY, SG, TH, UM, VN.

Notochelys platynota (Gray 1834), Proc. Zool. Soc. London :54.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys platynota.
TYPE: Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.6.
TYPE LOCALITY: "in India Orientali," later restricted to "Sumatra; Singapore" by Gray 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :177.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Vietnam through the Malaya peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:110-111, Taylor 1970, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 49:122-123, and Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :165-166.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BU, ID, KH, MY, SG, TH, VN.
COMMON NAME: Spotted-shelled turtle, Purple-bellied terrapin, Malayan flat-shelled turtle.

Ocadia Gray 1870, Suppl. Cat. Shield Rept. British Mus. 1:35.
TYPE SPECIES: Emys sinensis Gray 1834, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN, TW, VN.

Ocadia sinensis (Gray 1834), Proc. Zool. Soc. London :53.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys sinensis.
TYPE: Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.5.26.
TYPE LOCALITY: "in China".
DISTRIBUTION: People's Republic of China, from Shanghai south through the coastal Provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi, to central Vietnam, including Taiwan and Hainan islands.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:118-119; Stejneger 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 58:484-492; Pope 1935, Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10:48-50; and Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :172-173.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, Huang C., E. Moll
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN, TW, VN.
COMMON NAME: Chinese turtle, Green-headed turtle, Chinese stripe-necked turtle.

Orlitia Gray 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)11:156.
TYPE SPECIES: Orlitia borneensis Gray 1873, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: ID, MY.

Orlitia borneensis Gray 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)11:157.
TYPE: Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.9.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Borneo".
DISTRIBUTION: Lands on the Sunda shelf, southern Malay peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra.
COMMENT: See de Rooij 1915, Rept. Indo-Austr. Arch. :292-293, and Boulenger 1912, Malay Pen. Rept. Batr. :24-25.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: ID, MY.
COMMON NAME: Bornean river turtle, Malaysian giant turtle.

Pyxidea Gray 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :175.
TYPE SPECIES: Cyclemys mouhotii Gray 1862, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini. McDowell 1964, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 14(2):269-270, placed Pyxidea together with Cistoclemmys flavomarginata and Geoemyda spengleri in the genus Geoemyda, but Pritchard and Trebbau 1984, Turt. Venezuela 2:151-168, show this has not been accepted by later authors.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BU, CN, IN, LA, TH, VN.

Pyxidea mouhotii (Gray 1862), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3)10:157.
ORIGINAL NAME: Cyclemys mouhotii.
TYPES: 7 Syntypes: BMNH 1947.3.4.27, 1947.3.4.48, 1947.3.4.49, 1947.3.4.64, 1947.3.4.65, 1947.3.4.66, and 1947.3.4.67.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Lao Mountains, in Siam," presumably the Luang Prabang mountain range on the border between Thailand and Laos.
DISTRIBUTION: Extreme eastern India to Vietnam; including Hainan island, People's Republic of China.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:78-80; Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :142-143 (as Cyclemys mohouti); Pope 1935, Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10:31-32; McDowell 1964, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 143:269-270; and Taylor 1970, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 49:107-108.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BU, CN, IN, LA, TH, VN.
COMMON NAME: Jagged-shelled turtle, Keel-backed terrapin, Keeled box turtle.

Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger 1835, Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturgesch. 1:108, 115.
ORIGINAL NAME: Clemmys (Rhinoclemmys).
TYPE SPECIES: Testudo dorsata Schoepf 1801 (=Testudo punctularia Daudin 1801 [1802]), by subsequent designation of Lindholm 1929, Zool. Anz. Leipzig 81:283.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Sonora and southern Veracruz, Mexico, to western Ecuador and northeastern Brazil; including Trinidad and Tobago.
COMMENT: Tribe Geoemydini. See comment under Batagurinae. The nomenclatural history of this genus is complex. See Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6: 370-375, and Smith, Ernst, and Smith 1980, Bull. Zool. Nomen. 37:233-239, for discussion. Much recent literature will be under Callopsis or Rhinoclemmys. Revised as Callopsis by Ernst 1978, Herpetologica 34:113-133. Reviewed by Ernst 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 274:1-2, Pritchard and Trebbau 1984, Turt. Venezuela 2:164-168.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BR, BZ, CO, CR, EC, GF, GT, GY, HN, MX, NI, PA, SR, SV, VE.
COMMON NAME: Neotropical forest terrapins, Neotropical wood turtles.

Rhinoclemmys annulata (Gray 1860), Proc. Zool. Soc. London :231.
ORIGINAL NAME: Geoclemmys annulata.
TYPES: 3 Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.22.56, 1947.3.5.58 and 1947.3.5.59.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Esmeraldas, Ecuador".
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia on the Caribbean coast, and Darien, Panama, to western Ecuador along the Pacific coast.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1980, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 250:1-2.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CO, CR, EC, HN, NI, PA.
COMMON NAME: Brown land terrapin, Brown land turtle, Brown wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys areolata (Duméril and Bibron 1851), In: Duméril and Duméril, Cat. Method. Coll. Rept. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris :10.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys areolata.
TYPE: Holotype: MNHN 9424.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Province du Peten (Amer. centr.)"; restricted to La Libertad, El Peten, Guatemala by Smith and Taylor 1950, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 199:30; restriction corrected to Flores, El Peten, Guatemala by Dunn and Stuart 1951, Copeia (1):60.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Veracruz, Yucatan Peninsula, including Cozumel Island, and eastern Chiapas in Mexico; Belize; northern Guatemala and extreme northwestern Honduras.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1980, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 251:1-2, and Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:378-383.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
STATUS: Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:53, and listed as Insufficiently Known.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BZ, GT, HN, MX.
COMMON NAME: Furrowed land terrapin, Furrowed wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys diademata (Mertens 1954), Senckenb. Biol. 35:4.
ORIGINAL NAME: Geoemyda punctularia diademata.
TYPE: Holotype: SMF 48141
TYPE LOCALITY: "`Maracay', Venezuela"; considered incorrect by Pritchard 1979, Encycl. Turt. :182. Maracay is not within the presently known range; see maps in Pritchard and Trebbau 1984, Turt. Venezuela 2:169-174, map 10; and Paolillo O. 1985, Amph. Rept. 6:293-305.
DISTRIBUTION: Lake Maracaibo basin of Venezuela and Colombia.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1978, Herpetologica 34:113-133 and Ernst 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 276:1-2, as a subspecies of Rhinoclemmys punctularia. Pritchard 1979, Encycl. Turt. :180, elevated Rhinoclemmys punctularia diademata to full species status. The review of Pritchard and Trebbau 1984, Turt. Venezuela 2:169-174, also treats it as a species, while Paolillo 1985, Amph. Rept. 6:293-305, considers it a subspecies.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CO, VE.
COMMON NAME: Maracaibo wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys funerea (Cope 1876 [1875]), J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2)8(4):154.
ORIGINAL NAME: Chelopus funereus.
TYPES: 4 Syntypes: USNM 45000, 45001, 46134, 46135.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Limón" (=Puerto Limón), Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION: From the Coco River on the Honduras-Nicaragua border to central Panama along the Caribbean versant.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1980, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 263:1-2.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CR, HN, PA, NI.
COMMON NAME: Black terrapin, Black river turtle, Black wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys melanosterna (Gray 1861), Proc. Zool. Soc. London :205.
ORIGINAL NAME: Geoclemmys melanosterna.
TYPES: 2 Syntypes: BMNH 1947.3.4.8, and 1947.3.5.51
TYPE LOCALITY: "The Gulf of Darién: Cherunha"; Boulenger 1889, Cat. Chel. Rhynch. Croc. British Mus. :124, listed the types as being from "River Buonaventura (sic)" and "Chirambira, Gulf of Darien"; restricted to "Chirambira, near Buenaventura" Colombia by Mertens and Wermuth 1955, Zool. Jahrb. 83(5):352; corrected to Boca Chirambira, delta of the Rio San Juan, Choco, Colombia by Medem 1958, Bol. Mus. Cienc. Nat., Caracas 2-3(1-4):21.
DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean drainages of San Blas, Panama, and northern Colombia; Pacific drainages from Darien, Panama, to northwestern Ecuador.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1978, Herpetologica 34:113-133, and Ernst 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 276:1-2, as a subspecies of Rhinoclemmys punctularia. Pritchard 1979, Encycl. Turt. :180, elevated it to full species status on the basis of morphological differences, geographic disjunction, and lack of intergrade specimens. Paolillo O. 1985, Amphibia-Reptilia 6:293-305, cited the eight morphological differences found by Ernst 1978, Herpetologica 34:113-133, between Rhinoclemmys punctularia melanosterna and Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia in recognizing Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, and Carr and Bickham 1986, Genetica 70:89-106, call attention to a karyotypic difference between Rhinoclemmys melanosterna and Rhinoclemmys punctularia.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CO, EC, PA.
COMMON NAME: Colombian wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys nasuta (Boulenger 1902), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)9:53.
ORIGINAL NAME: Nicoria nasuta.
TYPES: 4 Syntypes: BMNH 1947.3.5.54, 1947.3.5.55, 1947.3.5.56, 1947.3.5.57.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Bulun, 160 feet, and from the Río Durango, 350 feet," Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Pacific drainages of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1980, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 264:1.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CO, EC.
COMMON NAME: Large-nosed terrapin, Large-nosed wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Gray 1855), Cat. Shield Rept. Coll. British Mus. 1:25.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys pulcherrimus.
TYPE: Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.5.52.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Mexico"; restricted by Smith and Taylor 1950, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 199:30, to "Presidio de Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico; restriction corrected by Ernst 1978, Herpetologica 34:125, to the "vicinity of San Marcos, Guerrero, Mexico."
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Sonora, Mexico, to Costa Rica on the Pacific coast; southeastern Guatemala to northcentral Nicaragua in the Caribbean drainage uplands.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 275:1-2, and Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:384-398.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CR, SV, GT, HN, MX, NI.
COMMON NAME: Ornate terrapin, Mexican wood turtle, Central American wood turtle, Red turtle, Painted wood turtle.

Rhinoclemmys punctularia (Daudin 1801 [1802]), Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept. 2:249.
ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo punctularia.
TYPE: Holotype: MNHN 9130.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Cayenne," French Guiana.
DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad and Tobago, and the coastal drainages from Gulf of Paria and Orinoco in Venezuela, to the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, including the Amazon as far upstream as the lower reaches of the Tapajós river.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Pritchard and Trebbau 1984, Turt. Venezuela 2:175-182; Ernst 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 276:1-2; and Fretey, Hoogmoed, and Lescure 1977, Zool. Med. Leiden 52(6):63-80. See comments under Rhinoclemmys diademata and Rhinoclemmys melanosterna.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BR, GF, GY, SR, TT, VE.
COMMON NAME: Spotted-legged terrapin, Guiana wood turtle, Galap.

Rhinoclemmys rubida (Cope 1870 [1869]), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Philadelphia 11:148.
ORIGINAL NAME: Chelopus rubidus.
TYPES: 9 Syntypes: USNM 45612, 45613, 45614, and ANSP 285, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341; though Cope only noted 4 specimens, numbered 264-67, in the original description.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Tuchitan, Tehuantepec, Mexico" (=Juchitan, Oaxaca, Mexico).
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, on the Pacific coast from southwestern Jalisco through Colima to western Guerrero, and central Oaxaca to southeastern Chiapas.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 277:1-2, and Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:399-412.
CONTRIBUTOR: J. Carr.
REVIEWER: E. Moll.
STATUS: Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:55, and listed as Insufficiently Known.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: MX.
COMMON NAME: Mexican spotted terrapin, Mexican spotted wood turtle.

Sacalia Gray 1870, Suppl. Cat. Shield Rept. British Mus. 1:35.
TYPE SPECIES: Cistudo bealei Gray 1831, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN, VN.
COMMON NAME: Four-eyed turtles.

Sacalia bealei (Gray 1831), Synops. Rept. Cataphracta 1:71.
ORIGINAL NAME: Cistudo Bealei.
TYPES: 2 Syntypes: BMNH 1947.3.4.33 and 1947.3.4.42.
TYPE LOCALITY: "China".
DISTRIBUTION: Southern China to northern Indochina; Hainan I.
COMMENT: Sachsee 1975, Salamandra 11:20-26, demonstrated that Sacalia quadriocellata was based on female S. bealei. See also Rodel 1985, Salamandra 21(2, 3):123-131; Wermuth and Mertens 1977, Das Tierreich 100:47; Pope 1935, Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10:38-39; and Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :170-171.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN, VN.
COMMON NAME: Ocellated pond turtle, Four-eyed turtle.

Siebenrockiella Lindholm 1929, Zool. Anz. Leipzig 81(11, 12):280.
TYPE SPECIES: Emys crassicollis Gray 1831, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Tribe Batagurini. Siebenrockiella is a replacement name for Bellia Gray 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London :169, which is preoccupied by Bellia Milne-Edwards 1848 (Crustacea).
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BU, ID, KH, MY, TH, VN.

Siebenrockiella crassicollis (Gray 1831), Synops. Rept. Cataphracta 1:21.
ORIGINAL NAME: Emys crassicollis.
TYPE: Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.5.36.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Sumatra".
DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Thailand, and southern Vietnam to Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.
COMMENT: See Smith 1931, Fauna British India Rept. Amph. 1:112-114; Bourret 1941, Tort. Indochine :166-168; and Taylor 1970, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 49:123-125.
REVIEWER: J. Carr, E. Moll.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BU, ID, KH, MY, TH, VN.
COMMON NAME: Thick-necked turtle, Black terrapin, Black marsh turtle.

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