INDEX | VETIGASTROPODA | PULMONTA (LYMNAEOIDEA-PUPILLOIDEA) | PULMONATA (ORTHALICOIDEA) |
PULMONATA (ACHATINOIDEA-SAGDOIDEA) | PULMONATA (GASTRODONTOIDEA-HELICOIDEA) | BIBLIOGRAPHY
PART 5: PULMONATA
(GASTRODONTOIDEA-HELICOIDEA)
Family EUCONULIDAE
H. B. Baker, 1928
DISTRIBUTION.- Palearctic realm,
southeast Asia, Pacific islands, North, Central and
TAXONOMY.- Numerous genera are
recognized (Zilch, 1959: 271-282).
Thirty (30) species of Helicarionidae, subfamily Euconulinae are
recognized in
Genus Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883
Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883; Beitrage zur
Landeskunde Oesterreichs, 9: 94.-
Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2: 234-235.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix fulvus Müller, 1774.
DISTRIBUTION.- Holarctic realm in
general,
TAXONOMY.- Six subgenera are
recognized. Only one occurs in the study
area.
Subgenus Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883
DISTRIBUTION.- Holarctic realm in
general.
TAXONOMY.- Numerous species. A single species occurs in the study area.
Euconulus fulvus
(Müller, 1774)
Helix
fulva Müller, 1774;
Hist. Vermium, 2: 56.
Euconulus
fulvus
(Müller). Pilsbry, 1908; Nautilus, 22:
25.- Pilsbry, 1926; Nautilus, 40:
68.- Baker, 1930; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 80: 9-11; pl. 1, fig. 6 (pallial organs), figs. 7-8 (reproductive
anatomy).- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N.
Amer., 2: 235-238; fig. 116a (radula), fig. 116b, 116c (reproductive anatomy),
fig. 116d (pallial organs); figs. 117a-d (shell).- Bequaert & Miller, 1973: 143-144.- Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 129.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Fredrichsdal,
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Almost
throughout the Holarctic realm (Pilsbry, 1946).
The species barely enters
Genus Habroconus Fischer & Crosse, 1872
Habroconus Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
154.- Baker, 1928c: Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 80: 11.- Zilch, 1959: 279,
280.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix
selenkai Pfeiffer, 1866.
DISTRIBUTTION.- South America,
the West Indies and Central America north to
TAXONOMY.- Five subgenera are
recognized. All occur in the study area
Subgenus Habroconus Fischer & Crosse, 1872.
DISTRIBUTION.- Northern South America,
TAXONOMY.- Five species and one subspecies occur in the study area.
Habroconus (Habroconus) championi (Von Martens, 1892)
Guppya
championi Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 119; pl. 6, figs. 16, 16a-c (shell).- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
619.- van der Schalie, 1940; Occasional
papers
Habroconus
championi (Von
Martens). Pérez & López, 2002:
173-174.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Purula [Purulha],
towards the head of the Polochíc valley, Dept.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.
Habroconus (Habroconus)costaricanus costaricanus (Pilsbry, 1920)
Guppya
costaricana Pilsbry,
1920; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 72: 4; text-fig. 2 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Alajuela,
Alajuela Prov., Costa Rica; 3200 ft alt.
Holotype ANSP 105285.
DISTRIBUTION
Habroconus (Habroconus)costaricanus elatior (Pilsbry, 1920)
Guppya
costaricana elatior Pilsbry,
1920; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 72: 5; text-fig. 3 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Brook near the
Rio Reventazón, Juan Viñas, Costa Rica; 2500 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP 105276.
DISTRIBUTION
Habroconus (Habroconus) elegans Strebel, 1880
Habroconus
elegans Strebel,
1880: 24; pl. 4; figs. 1b, 1c (shell).
Stenopus
elegans
(Strebel). Pilsbry, 1891; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 43: 312.
Guppya
elegans
(Strebel). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 120.- Pilsbry, 1904; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 768.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Woods of Pacho,
near
DISTRIBUTION
Habroconus (Habroconus)selenkai (Pfeiffer, 1866)
Zonites
selenkai Pfeiffer,
1866; Malak. Blätt, 12: 77.
Zonites
(Habroconus) selenkai (Pfeiffer).
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 171; pl. 7, figs. 9, 9a-b (shell).
Habroconus
selenkae (Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 28; pl. 4, figs. 1, 1a
(shell); pl. 9, fig. 9 (radula).- Baker,
1930a; Occasional papers of the
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mirador,
DISTRIBUTION
Habroconus (Habroconus) trochulinus (Morelet, 1851)
Helix
trochulina Morelet,
1851; Test. Noviss., II: 10.
Zonites
(Habroconus) trochulinus (Morelet).
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 172.
Guppya
trochulina (Morelet). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 120;
pl. 6, figs. 17, 17a-d (shell).- Von
Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 619.-
Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 768.
Guppya (Habroconus) trochulina
(Morelet). Baker, 1922; Occasional papers
of the
Habroconus (Habroconus) trochulinus
(Morelet). Baker, 1928c; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 13-14; pl. 2, figs. 4, 5 (reproductive anatomy).- Baker, 1930: Occasional papers of the Museum
of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 22-23; pl. 7, figs. 10, 11
(shell).- Bequaert, 1957; Bull. Mus.
Comparative Zoology, 116: 219-220.-
Basch, 1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (612): 12.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Woods of Petén,
near San Luis, Dept. Petén,
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Venezuela
north to
Subgenus Cocosconus Baker, 1941
Cocosconus Baker, 1941; Bulletin of the
TYPE SPECIES.- Guppya hopkinsi Dall, 1900.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Habroconus
(Cocosconus) hopkinsi (Dall, 1900)
Guppya
hopkinsi Dall,
1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 52: 97; pl. 8, figs. 5-7 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
52: 105; text-fig. (reproductive anatomy).
Guppya
Habroconus (Cocosconus) hoptkinsi
(Dall, 1900). Baker, 1941; Bulletin of
the
DSRIBUTION RECORDS.-
Subgenus Cocoslens Baker, 1941
Cocoslens Baker, 1941; Bulletin of the
TYPE SPECIES.- Habroconus (Cocoslens) pallius Baker,
1941.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Habroconus
(Cocoslens) pallidaus Baker, 1941
Habroconus (Cocoslens) pallidaus
Baker, 1941; Bulletin of the
DISTRIBUTION
Subgenus Ernstia Jousseaume, 1889
Ernstia Jousseaume, 1889; Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 2: 232-258.- Baker, 1928; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
80: 12.
TYPE SPECIES.- Ernstia ernsti Jousseaume, 1889.
DISTRIBUTION.- Northern South
America and Central America north to Mexico.
TAXONOMY.- Two species occur in
the study area. Others occur in South
America.
Habroconus
(Ernstia) elegantulus (Pilsbry, 1919)
Guppya
elegantula Pilsbry,
1919; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 71: 215; text-fig. 4.- Hinkley, 1920; Nautilus, 34: 39, 48, 51.
Euconulus
elegantulus
(Pilsbry). Baker, 1922; Occasional
papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 106: 49-50; pl. 17,
fig. 6 (radula).
Habroconus (Ernstia) elegantulus
(Pilsbry). Baker, 1928c; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 13-13; pl. 1, fig. 9 (penis).- Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers Museum of
Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 22.-
Haas, 1949; Nautilus, 62: 137, 138.-
Basch, 1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (612): 12.- Correa-Sandoval, Gutierrez & Reza, 1998:
14.- Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002;
Acta Zool. Mex., (86): 236.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Canyon and falls below Valles, San Luis Potosi. Holotype in the ANSP.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Cama (Hinkley,
1920). Dept. Chimaltenango: Finca
Montserrat; Yepocapa (Haas, 1949). Dept. Escuintla: Zapote (Haas,
1949). Dept. Izabal: Jocolo; Maya Farms, Quirigua (Hinkley, 1920). Dept.
Petén: Tikal National Park (Basch, 1959).
Dept. Sacatepequez: Finca San
Rafael (Haas, 1949). JALISCO:
Guadalajara (Pilsbry, 1919). MICHOACAN:
Uruapan (Pilsbry, 1919). MORELOS:
Yautepec Pilsbry, 1919). NUEVO LEON:
Diente, nr. Monterrey (Pilsbry, 1919).
PUEBLA: Necaxa, 2215-5550 ft. alt. (Baker, 1928, 1930). SAN LUIS POTOSI: Valles; numerous localities (Correa-Sandoval,
et al, 1998). TAMAULIPAS: canyon 4 mi. W of Ciudad
Victoria, 3000 ft. alt. (Pilsbry, 1919).
VERACRUZ: Orizaba (Pilsbry, 1919); Coatotolapam (Baker, 1922). Atoyac to Sumidero, 1300-3400 ft. alt.
(Baker, 1930).
Habroconus
(Ernstia) zeteki Pilsbry, 1930
Habroconus (Ernstia) zeteki Pilsbry,
1930d; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 350-351; pl. 29, figs. 5, 6
(shell).- Morrison, 1946; Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 106: 42
TYPE LOCALITY.- Ruins of Old
Panama City, Panama. Holotype ANSP 151367.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA, Pearl
Islands: San José Island (Morrison, 1964).
Prov. Panama: Old Panama City.
Subgenus Pseudoguppya Baker, 1925.
Pseudoguppya Baker, 1925; Occasional papers of
the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (156): 10.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix cassiquiensis Pfeiffer, 1853.
DISTRIBUTION.- Northern South
America and Central America.
TAXONOMY.- Five species occur in the study area. Others occur in northern South America.
Habroconus
(Pseudoguppya) browni (Pilsbry, 1910)
Guppya
browni Pilsbry,
1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 62: 509; text-fig. 6 (shell).
Euconulus (Pseudoguppya) browni
(Pilsbry). Baker, 1925a: 11.- Pilsbry, 1926a; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 100.
Habroconus
browni (Pilsbry). Pilsbry, 1930d; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
82: 351.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Between
Tabernillo and San Pablo, Canal Zone, Panama.
Holotype ANSP 101319.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA:
known only from the type locality.
Habroconus (Pseudoguppya)
calverti (Pilsbry, 1920)
Guppya
calverti Pilsbry,
1920; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 72: 3; text-fig. 1 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Stream near the
railroad west of Juan Viñas, Costa Rica; 330 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP 105266.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA: known only from the type locality.
Habroconus
(Pseudoguppya) pacificus (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Helix
pacifica Pfeiffer,
1846; Symbolae, 3: 66.
Patula (Trochomorpha) pacifica
(Pfeiffer). Tryon, 1887; Man. Conch., 3:
78; pl. 14, fig. 28.
Guppya
hopkinsi conulus Von
Martens, 1902; Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Berlin: 59.
Guppya
fultoni Gude, 1903;
Proceedings Malacological Society, 5: 265; pl. 7, figs. 18-20 (shell).
Habroconus (Pseudoguppya) pacifica
(Pfeiffer). Baker, 1941; Bulletin of the
Bernice P. Bishop Museum, (166): 226; pl. 60, fig. 13 (shell); pl. 44, fig. 7
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cocos Island,
Costa Rica.
DISTRBUTION RECORDS. COSTA RICA:
known only from Cocos island.
Habroconus
(Pseudoguppya) pittieri (Von Martens, 1892)
Guppya
pittieri Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 121; pl. 6, figs. 18, 18a-d (shell).
Euconulus
(?) pittieri (Von Martens). Baker, 1922; Occasional papers of the Museum
of Zoology, University of Michigan, (106): 48-49.
Habroconus
pittieri (Von Martens). Thompson, 1967; Bull. Fla. St. Mus., 11: 243.
Euconulus
pittieri (Von
Martens). Pérez & López, 2002:
167-169.
TYPE LOCALITY.- San Francisco de
los Rios, near San José; 1100 m alt., Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. San José: San Francisco
de los Rios; Urraca, near San José, 1135 m alt. (Von Martens, 1892). NICARAGUA: numerous localities along the
Pacific versant (Pérez & López, 2002).
CAMPECHE: 5.1 mi. NNW of Dzilbachen; 8.1 mi. SW of Champoton; 7.1 mi. S
of Pixtun; 19.2 mi. E of Silvituc (Thompson, 1967). QUINTANA ROO: 4.0 mi. E of Xpujil, Campeche;
7.1 mi. NNW Xiatil (Thompson, 1967).
VERACRUZ: Catamaco (Baker, 1922).
YUCATAN: 0.8 mi. NE of Becanchen (Thompson, 1967).
Habroconus
(Pseudoguppya) utillensis (Ancey, 1886)
Conulus
utillensis Ancey,
1866; Ann. de Malac., 2: 238 (not figured).
Guppya
utillensis
(Ancey). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 122.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Utila Island,
Honduras.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- HONDURAS:
known only from the type locality.
Genus Guppya Mörch, 1867
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix vaccus
Mõrch (error for Conulus vacan Guppy, 1866, in part) = Helix gundlachi Pfeiffer,
1840 (see Baker, 1925: 7-8).
DISTRIBUTION.- Central America,
Mexico, southern United States, West Indies.
TAXONOMY.- Numerous species are
placed in Guppya, but the generic
allocations of many are doubtful because anatomical characteristics of only a
few are known. Thirteen species are
recognized in the study area.
Guppya angasi
Von Martens, 1892
Stenopus
guildingi Angas,
1879; PZS: 484; pl. 40, fig. 14 (shell). (not Stenopus guildingi Bland, 1865).
Guppya
angasi Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 120 (substitute name for Stenopus guildingi Angas).-
Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 619.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Costa Rica.
DISRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA RICA,
Prov. Limon: between Mokri and
Ukatschka, Alta Talamanca (Von Martens, 1901).
Prov. Puntarenas: Quebrada de
Java, 900 m alt.; Cañas Gordas (Von Martens, 1901).
Guppya biolleyi
Von Martens, 1892
Guppya
biolleyi Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 121; pl. 6, figs. 19, 19a-d (shell).- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
620.- Fluck, 1905; Nautilus, 19: 78.- Baker, 1928c; Pro. Cad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80:
7-8; pl. 1, fig. 1 (pallial organs), fig. 2 (posterior foot), figs. 3, 4
(reproductive anatomy).- Baker, 1930a;
Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 220: 21.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Hacienda
Helvetia, Costa Cuca, Guatemala (Baker, 1930).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. Limon: Sarapiqui (Von
Martens, 1901). Prov. San José: La Urraca; San Francisco de Los Rios (Von Martens,
1892). NICARAGUA: Rama Key, Bluefields
Lagoon (Fluck, 1905). GUATEMALA:
Hacienda Helvetia, Costa Cuca (Von Martens, 1892). PUEBLA: Necaxa, 2625-5500 ft. alt. (Baker,
1930).
Guppya capsula Dall,
1926
Guppya
capsula Dall, 1926;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 15: 479-480 (not figured).
TYPE LOCALITY.- North slope of
Mount Evermann, Socorro Island, Nayarit; 2000-2800 ft. alt. Holotype CAS 2202.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NAYARIT:
known only from the type locality.
Guppya fulvoidea
(Morelet, 1851)
Helix
fulvoidea Morelet,
1851; Test. Noviss., II: 9.
Zonites (Hyalinia) fulvoidea
(Morelet). Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
177.
Guppya
gundlachi (Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 122 (in
part).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Isla de Carmen,
at the head of the Laguna de Terminos, Campeche.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
CAMPECHE: Recorded only from the
type locality.
Guppya gundlachi
gundlachi (Pfeiffer, 1840)
Helix
pusilla Pfeiffer,
1839; Archiv für Naturg., 1: 351 (not Helix
pusilla Lowe, 1833).
Helix
gundlachi Pfeiffer,
1840; Archiv für Naturg., 1: 250 (substitute name for Helix pusilla Pfeiffer).
Guppya
gundlachi (Pfeiffer).
Tate, 1870; American Journal of Conchology, 5: 155.- Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
122-123.- Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 768.- Hinkley,
1920; Nautilus, 34: 39, 48, 51.- Baker,
1922; Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,
(106): 45; pl. 17, fig. 1 (jaw), fig. 3 (radula).- Pilsbry, 1926a; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 100.- Pilsbry, 1930d; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 351.- Richards,
1938; 172.- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N.
Amer., 2: 244-245; fig. 120a (shell).-
Basch, 1958: 11.- Thompson,
1967c: 243.- Correa-Sandoval, 1999:
8.- Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002;
Acta Zool. Mex., (86): 236.- Pérez &
López, 2002: 170-172.
Helix
simulans C. B.
Adams, 1849; Contributions to Conchology, 2: 35.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix pusilla: Cuba. Helix simulans: Jamaica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Florida and Texas south to Panama, Venezuela and
Trinidad, and the West Indies. PANAMA: Canal Zone: Barro Colorado Island; Juan
Mina (Pilsbry, 1926a); Mt. Hope (Pilsbry, 1930d). Prov.
Panama; Panama City (Pilsbry, 1926a); ruins of Old Panama City (Pilsbry,
1930d). NICARAGUA: numerous localities
along the Pacific versant (Pérez & López, 2002). Dept.
Chontales (Tate, 1870). Dept. Rio San Juan (Tate, 1870). HONDURAS: Roatan Island, between Coxen Hole
and French Harbor (Richards, 1938).
GUATEMALA, Dept. Alta Verapaz:
Chama (Hinkley, 1920). Dept. Izabal: Cavech; Esmeralda; Jocolo
(Hinkley, 1920). Dept. Petén: Tikal National Park (Basch, 1958). CAMPECHE: 8.1 mi. SW of Champoton (Thompson,
1967). TAMAULIPAS: nr. Ciudad Victoria;
canyon 4 mi. W of Ciudad Victoria (Pilebry, 1904). QUINTANA ROO: 4.0 mi. E of Xpujil, Campeche;
1.5 km. NNE of San Miguel, Cozumel Island (Thompson, 1967). TAMAULIPAS: numerous localities
(Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002).
VERACRUZ: Coatotolapam (Baker, 1922); Naranjo (21º20’00” N, 97º42’16”
W); El Cedral, road from Poza Rica to Tajin (20º29’11” N, 97º25’23” W)
(Correa-Sandoval, 1999).
Guppya gundlachi
orosciana Von Martens, 1892
Guppya
orosciana Von
Martens, 1892; 123; pl.6, figs. 20, 20a-d (shell).
Guppya
gundlachi orosciana
Von Martens. Baker, 1928c; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 8-9; pl. 1, fig. 5 (reproductive anatomy.- Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers of the Museum
of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 23.-
Basch, 1959; Occasional papers Museum of Zoology, University of
Michigan, (612): 12.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Calera de San
Ramon, Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA: type locality. GUATEMALA; Dept. Alta Verapaz: Coban (Von Martens,
1892). Dept. Petén: Tikal National Park (Basch, 1959). PUEBLA; Necaxa (Baker, 1928). VERACRUZ: Cordoba; Sumidera, 2625-3400 ft.
alt. (Baker, 1930).
Guppya jalisco Pilsbry,
1919
Guppya
jalisco Pilsbry,
1919; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 71: 216; pl. 11, fig. 6 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Guadalajara,
Jalisco. Holotype ANSP 44830.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- JALISCO:
Guadalajara.
Guppya micans
(Angas, 1879)
Stenopus
micans Angas, 1879;
PZS: 485; pl. 40, fig. 15 (shell).
Guppya
micas (Angas). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
121-122.- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 620; pl. 44, fig. 3 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. Limon: Bruschik; Alta Tararia
(Von Martens, 1901).
Guppya micra
Pilsbry, 1904
Guppya
micra Pilsbry,
1904; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 769; pl. 49, figs. 5, 5a, 5b
(shell).- Correa-Sandoval, 1999: 8.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Patzcuaro,
Michoacan. Lectotype ANSP 85913a (Baker,
1963: 236).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- MICHOACAN:
Patzcuaro (Pilsbry, 1904). TAMAULIPAS:
canyon 4 mi. W of Cd. Victoria (Pilsbry, 1904).
VERACRUZ: Cazones (20º42’42” N, 97º11’32” W)(Correa-Sandoval, 1999).
Gyppya montanicola Dall,
1926
Gyppya
montanicola Dall,
1926; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 15: 479; pl. 35, figs. 10-11 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- North slope of
Mount Evermann, Socorro Island, Nayarit; 2000-2800 ft. alt. Holotype CAS 2201.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NAYARIT:
known only from the type locality.
Guppya perforata Dall,
1926
Guppya
perforata Dall,
1926; Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 15: 478; pl. 36,
figs. 12-13 (shell)
TYPE LOCALITY.- Maria Madre
Island, Tres Marias Islands, Nayarit.
Holotype CAS 2198.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NAYARIT:
known only from Maria Madre Island, and from Maria Magdalena Island (Dall,
1926).
Guppya socorroana Dall,
1926
Guppya
socorroana Dall,
1926; Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 15: 478-479; pl. 35,
figs. 14-15.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Socorro Island,
2000 ft alt. Holotype CAS 2199.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NAYARIT:
Socorro Island; Maria Magdalena Island (Dall, 1926).
Guppya spirulata
(Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix
sirulata Pfeiffer,
1845; Monogr. Helic. Vivent., 1: 37.-
Guppya
(?) spirulata (Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
123-124.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Realejo, Dept.
Chinandega, Nicaragua.
DISRIBUTION RECORDS.- NICARAGUA:
known only from the type locality.
Guppya sterkii punctum
Baker, 1930
Guppya
sterkii punctum
Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of
Michigan, (220): 21-22; pl. 7, figs. 14, 15, 16 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Near Necaxa,
Puebla; 2625 ft. alt. Holotype in the
UMMZ.
DISRIBUTION RECORDS.- PUEBLA:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Genus Ovachlamys Habe, 1948
Ovachlamys,
Habe, 1946; Venus,
14: 167.
TYPE SPECIES.- Macroclamys fulgans
Gude, 1900.
DISTRIBUTION.- Japan. Widely introduced throughout the tropical
regions of the world.
TAXONOMY. Two species are
recognized. One is introduced into the
study area.
Ovachlamys fulgens (Gude,
1900)
Macrochlamys
fulgens Gude, 1900;
Proc. Malacol. Soc. London, 4: 70-80.
Ovachlamys
fulgens (Gude,
1900).- Habe, 1946; Venus, 14:
167.- Azuma, 1982; Colored Illustrations Land Snails Japan (in
Japanese): 177; pl. 27, fig. 328.-
Barrientos, 1998; Rev. Biol. Trop., 46: 369-384 (life history).- Barrientos, 2000; Rev. Biol. Trop., 48; 71-87
(ecology, distribution).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Japan.
DISTRIBUTION.- Japan. Widely introduced in the tropical Pacific
region and in the American tropics.
COSTA RICA: Humid tropical zones
throughout the country (Barrientos, 2000).
Genus Velifera W. G. Binney, 1879
Velifera W. G. Binney, 1879; Annals of the
New York Academy of Science, 1: 257.
TYPE SPECIES.- Velifera gabbi W. G. Binney, 1879.
DISTRIBUTION.- Costa Rica.
TAXONOMY.- The genus is
monotypic.
Velifera gabbi
W. G. Binney, 1879
Velifera
gabbi W. G. Binney,
1879; Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1: 257-258, pl. 11, figs A-D
(living animal, shell and radula); Binney, 1881; ibid., 3: 86; pl. 2, fig. H (radula).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Central Costa
Rica, on the banks of the Rio Blanco, 3000 ft. alt.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA: known only from the type locality.
Family GASTRODONTIDAE
Tryon, 1866
This is a Nearctic subfamily
consisting of six genera. Two occur in
Genus Striatura Morse, 1864
Striatura Morse, 1864; Journal of the
TYPE SPECIES.-Helix milium
Morse, 1859.
DISTRIBUTION.- North
TAXONOMY.- Three subgenera are
recognized. One subgenus occurs in
Subgenus Striatura Morse, 1864.
DISTRIBUTION.- North
TAXONOMY.- Two species occur in
Striatura (Striatura) meridionalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906)
Vitrea
milium meridionalis
Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58: 152.
Striatura
(Pseudohyalina) meridionalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss). Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich., (220): 36-39; pl. 11, figs. 2, 4 (reproductive anatomy), fig. 5
(radula).
Striatura
(Striatura) meridionalis (Pilsbry & Ferriss). Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2:
493-495; fig. 270 (shell); figs. 271a, 271b (reproductive anatomy), fig. 271c
(radula).
Striatura
meridionalis
(Pilsbry & Ferriss). Bequaert &
Miller, 1973: 146.- Pérez & López,
2002: 185-187.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Along the
Guadalupe River above New Braunfels, Texas.
Holotype ANSP 90724.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NICARAGUA,
Dept. Leon (Pérez & López,
2002). CHIHUAHUA: Sierra de Breña, 7000
ft. alt. (Bequaert & Miller, 1973).
NUEVO LEON: Pablillo. PUEBLA:
Necaxa (Baker, 1930). VERACRUZ: Cordoba
(Pilsbry, 1946).
Striatura
(Striatura) pugetensis (Dall, 1895)
Patulastra? pugetensis Dall, 1895; Nautilus, 8: 130. Pilsbry, 1896; Nautilus, 9: 18.
Striatura
milium pugetensis
(Dall). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., 16: 169.
Striatura
pugetensis
(Dall). Baker, 1930; Occ. Pap. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich., (220); 38; pl. 11, fig. 3 (penis).- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2:
492-493; fig. 269 (shell).
Striatura
(Pseudohyalis) pugetensis (Dall). Smith,
Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 129.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Seattle, Washington. Holotype USNM 107541.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Found from
British Columbia and Montana south to southern California and Baja
California. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: Isla
Guadalupe, hills above Northeast Anchorage, 300 m alt.; 3.2 km N of S end of island
on E side (Smith, et al, 1990).
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix nitidus Müller, 1774.
DISTRIBUTION.- Throughout
most of the temperate Holarctic realm.
TAXONOMY.- Three
subgenera are recognized. One subgenus
occurs in the study area.
Subgenus Zonitella Baker, 1828
Zonitella Baker, 1828; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 33, 39-40.- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2: 475,
480.
TYPE SPECIIES.- Helix arboreus Say, 1816.
DISTRIBUTION.- North America south
to Costa Rica.
TAXONOMY.- Seven species occur in
the study area. Aside from Zonitoides arboreas and Z. hoffmanni, the taxonomic status of
the others remains to be determined.
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) arboreus (Say, 1816)
Helix
arboreus Say, 1816;
[Nicholson’s] American Edit. British Encycl., 2: Conchology, sp. no. 2; pl. 4,
fig. 4 (shell).
Hyalinia
arborea (Say). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
116-117; pl. 6, figs. 13-13c (shell).
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) arboreus (Say, 1816).
Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2: 480-483; fig. 260: 7-8
(reproductive anatomy); fig. 261 (shell), fig. 262 (live animal).- Haas, 1949; Nautilus, 62: 137, 138.- Correa-Sandoval, Gutierrez, & Reza, 1998:
14.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Probably
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Baker, 1930a).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Throughout
North America south to Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and the Lesser
Antilles. Introduced widely by its
association with live plants. GUATEMALA,
Dept. Chimaltenango: Finca Montserrat
(Haas, 1949). Dept. Zacapa: Santa Clara, N
of Cabañas, Sierra de las Minas (Haas, 1949).
PUEBLA: Necaxa (Baker,
1930a). SAN LUÍS POTOSÍ: km 48 on rd.
from Cd. Valles-Agua Buena, 900 m alt. (21°52’55” N, 99°22’06” W); Las Pozas
(arroyo) , 520 m alt. (21°24’08” N, 98°59’44” W); 0.3 km NE of Las Pozas, 600 m
alt. (21°24’38” N, 99°00’15” W) (Correa-Sandoval, et al, 1998). VERACRUZ: Cordoba (Baker, 1930a).
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) hoffmanni (Von Martens, 1892)
Hyalina
hoffmanni Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 115, pl. 6, figs. 11, 11a, 11b. 11c (shell).
Zonitoides
hoffmanni (Von
Martens). Pilsbry, 1920: 5.- Baker, 1929; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
81: 255-256; pl. 8, fig. 8 (radula).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Quebrada Honda,
Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. Cartago: Hacienda El Roble, between Volcan Irazu and Volcan
Turrialba (Von Martens, 1892). Prov. Limon: bank of the Rio Reventazon, Cachi, 3300 ft. alt. (Pilsbry,
1920). Prov. San José: San José
(Von Martens, 1892). PANAMA, Canal Zone. Prov.
Chiriqui: Boquete (Pilsbry, 1926a).
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) glomerulus (Von Martens, 1892)
Hyalinia
glomerula Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 115; pl. 6, figs. 14–14c (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- San Luis, Dept.
Petén, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA:
known only from the type locality.
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) multivolvis Pilsbry, 1926
Zonitoides
multivolvis Pilsbry, 1926;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 131; text-fig. 3 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cahuita, Limon Prov.,
Costa Rica. Holotype ANSP 140311.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA: known only from the type locality.
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) nitidopsis (Morelet, 1851)
Helix
nitidopsis Morelet,
1851; Test. Noviss., II: 8.
Zonites
(Hyalinia) nitidopsis (Morelet). Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 178.
Hyalinia
nitidopsis
(Morelet). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 115; pl. 6, figs. 9-9c.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Salama, Dept.
Baja Verapaz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA:
known only from the type locality.
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) ostauri Pilsbry, 1926
Zonitoides
ostauri Pilsbry,
1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 100-101; text-fig. 24 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Drift of San Juan
Creek, Bocas del Torro Prov., Panama.
Holotype ANSP 140714.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA:
known only from the type locality.
Zonitoides
(Zonitella) tehuantepecensis (Crosse & Fischer, 1870)
Zonites
tehuantepecensis
Crosse & Fischer, 1870; Jour. de Conchy., 18: 297.
Zonites
(Hyalinia) tehuantepecensis Crosse & Fischer. Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 174; pl. 10,
figs. 1, 1a (shell).
Hyalinia
tehuantepecesis
(Crosse & Fischer). Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 116.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Tehuantepec,
Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Senahu (Von
Martens, 1892). OAXACA: Tehuantepec.
Superfamily
ZONITOIDEA
Family ZONITIDAE
Mörch, 1864
Subfamily ZONITINAE
Mõrch, 1864
DISTRIBUTION.- North America and
Europe.
TAXONOMY.- The subfamily contains many genera (Zilch, 1959: 242-258).
Twenty-eight (28) species of Zonitidae are recognized in Mexico and Central
America.
Genus Glyphyalinia Von Martens, 1892
Glyphyalinia Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 117.- Baker, 1928; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 19.- Pilsbry,
1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2: 255, 288.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix indentata Say, 1822 (Pilsbry,
1946).
DISTRIBUTION.- North and Middle
America.
TAXONOMY.- Seven species are
recognized. One species and two
subspecies occur in the study area.
Glyphyalin1a indentata
indentata (Say, 1822)
Helix
indentata Say,
1822: 372.
Hyalinia
(Glyphyalinia) indentata (Say). Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 117.
Vitrea
indentata (Say).
Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 768.
Retinella
(Glyphyalinia)indentata (Say). Baker,
1930b; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 82: 209-210.- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2:
288-290; figs. 146 (shell); figs. 127 (6, 7) (reproductive anatomy), fig. 127
(8) (pallial organs).- Correa-Sandoval,
1993; Rev. Biol. Trop., 41: 675.- Pérez
& López, 2002: 180-182.
Glyphyalinia
indentata
(Say). Naranjo-Garcia, 1991: 168,
169.- Correa-Sandoval, Gutierrez &
Reza, 1998: 41.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not
specified. Say gave localities in
northern Philadelphia and New Jersey.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Generally
distributed in the temperate part of the eastern United States. NICARAGUA: Pacific versant of the country
(Pérez & López, 2002). MICHOACÁN:
Uruapan (Pilsbry, 1904). MORELOS:
Yautepec (Pilsbry, 1891). NAYARIT:
Socorro Island; Clarion Island (Dall, 1926).
NUEVO LEON: Santiago (Correa-Sandoval, 1993). SAN LUÍS POTOSÍ: Río Gallinas, Ej. El
Carpintero (21°54’08” N, 99°15’47” W) (Correa-Sandoval, et al, 1998). SONORA:
numerous localities in the eastern part of the state (Naranjo-Garcia, 1991).
REMARKS.- Some Central American
and Mexican records may pertain to the following subspecies.
Glyphyalinia
indentata paucilirata (Morelet, 1849)
Helix
paucilirata Morelet,
1851; Test. Noviss., II: 8.
Zonites (Hyalinia) paucilirata
(Morelet). Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
173.- Pilsbry, 1891; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 43: 312.
Hyalinia
pauciliraa
(Morelet). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 118; pl 6, figs. 12-12c (shell).
Retinella
(Glyphyalinia) indentata paucilirata (Morelet).
Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (220): 24.- Baker, 1930b, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
82: 210-211; pl. 11, fig. 6 (jaw), fig. 7 (radula), fig. 8 (reproductive
anatomy).- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N.
Amer., 2: 291-292; figs. 146b (shell); fig. 139: 6-8 (same figures as in
Baker).- Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 129.
Zonites
indentatus var. umbilicatus Cocherell, 1893; British
Nat., 3: 81.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix paucilirata: Salama, Dept. Baja
Verapaz, Guatemala. Zonites indentatus
var. umbilicatus: Lee Co., Texas.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Widely distributed in the mid-west and
central United states to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas south to Guatemala. GUATEMALA, Dept. Alto Verapaz: Salama.
BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Sierra Laguna; Sierra de la Giganta, ca. 1.6 km
from Pie de la Cuesta, along trail to Guajademi, 640-750 m alt.; 19 km SW of
San Miguel Comondú; San Javier; along road from Valle Perdido to Bajada del
Molino, 430 m alt.; summit of trail from La Burrera to La Laguna, 2100 m alt.;
La Laguna, 1980 m alt. (Smith, et al, 1990).
FEDERAL DIST.: San Juan Teotihuacan, 7510 ft. alt. (Baker, 1930a). PUEBLA: Necaxa, 4430-5000 ft. alt. (Baker,
1930a). Pilsbry (1946) records this
snail from DURANGO, JALISCO, MICHOACAN and MORELOS but does not provide
specific localities.
Genus Nesovitrea Cooke, 1921
Nesovitrea Cooke, 1921; Occasional papers
Bernice Bishop Museum, 7: 271.- Baker,
1941;, Bulletin Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 166: 328.
Perpolita Baker, 1928c; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 80: 15.- Pilsbry, 1946; Land
Moll. N. Amer., 2:255, 256.
TYPE SPECIES.- Types by original
designations. Nesovitrea: Vitrea pauxillus
Gould, 1846. Perpolita: Helix electrina
Gould, 1841.
DISTRIBUTION.- Palearctic realm
and Hawaiian islands.
TAXONOMY.- Many Palearctic,
Nearctic and Hawaiian species. One
species with two subspecies occurs in Mexico.
Nesovitrea subhyalina
subhyalina (Pfeiffer, 1867)
Helix
subhyalina
Pfeiffer, 1867; Malak. Blätter, 14: 196.
Hyalinia
subhyalina
(Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 18; pl. 4,
fig. 14 (shell).
Zonites
(Hyalinia) subhyalina (Pfeiffer). Fischer & Crosse, 1872; 172.- Pilsbry, 1891; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
43: 312.
Hyalinia
subhyalina
(Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 117.
R[etinella]
(Perpolita) subhyalina subhyalina (Pfeiffer).
Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 220: 28.- Baker, 1930b; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
82: 199; pl. 9, fig. 13 (radula).
Retinella (Nesovitrea) subhyalina
(Pfeiffer). Baker, 1941; Bulletin
Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 166: 329.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Uncertain;
Mirador or near Vera Cruz, Veracruz (Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
PUEBLA: Necaxa, 4265-5000 ft.
alt. (Baker, 1930). VERACRUZ: Orizaba
(Baker, 1930).
Nesovitrea
subhyalina socorroensis (Dall, 1926)
Zonitoides
socorroensis Dall,
1926; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4) 15: 484; pl .36, figs. 9-11.
Retinella
((Perpolita) subhyalina socorroensis (Dall).
Baker, 1930b; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 200.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mount Evermann, Socorro Island, Nayarit; 2000-2600 ft. alt.
Holotype CAS 2206.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NAYARIT:
known only from the type locality.
Genus Hawaiia Gude, 1911
Hawaiia
Gude, 1911; Proc.
Malac. Soc. London, 9: 272.- Baker,
1930a; Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,
(220): 34-35.- Pilsbry, 1930b; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 247.-
Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2: 418-420.
Pseudovitrea Baker, 1928c; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 80: 24-25.
TYPE SPECIES.- Hawaiia: Helix kawaiensis Pfeiffer, 1854 (Helix minuscule Binney, 1840) (see
Pilsbry, 1930b: 247). Pseudovitrea: Helix minuscule Binney, 1840.
DISTRIBUTION.- North America from
Alaska and Maine to Florida and south to Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
TAXONOMY.- The genus contains two
or more species and several subspecies.
Two species occur in the study area.
Hawaiia minuscula
minuscula (Binney, 1840)
Helix
minuscule Binney,
1840; Boston Journal of Natural History, 3: 435.
Chanomphalus
minusculus
(Binney). Strebel, 1880:19.
Pseudohyalina
minuscule
(Binney). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 124-125.
Zonitoides
minusculus
(Binney). Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 768.- Hinkley,
1920; Nautilus, 34: 39.
Pseudovitrea
minuscule (Binney,
1840). Baker, 1928c; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 80: 25-27; pl. 5, figs. 1, 3, 4 (reproductive anatomy), fig. 2
(radula).
Hawaiia
minuscula (Binney,
1840). Bequaert & Clench, 1938; Pub.
Canegie Inst. Wash., (491): 253, 254.-
Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2: 420-424; figs. 228a (lectotype
shell), figs. 227a, 227c, 227d (reproductive anatomy), fig. 227 b
(radula).- Bequaert & Miller, 1973:
145.- Correa-Sandoval, Gutierrez &
Reza, 1998: 14.- Correa-Sandoval, 1999:
8.- Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002;
Acta Zool. Mex., (86): 236.- Pérez &
López, 2002: 183-184.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Ohio. Lectotype ANSP (Pilsbry, 1946: 421).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Widely
distributed as for the genus. NICARAGUA: Pacific versant of the country (Pérez
& López,, 2002) GUATEMALA; Dept. Izabal: Izabal; Quirigua (Hinkley,
1920). Dept. Petén: Tikal National Park (Basch, 1959). CAMPECHE: Isla de Carmen; Palizada (Von
Martens, 1892). CHIAPAS: Palenque. CHIHUAHUA, SONORA and BAJA CALIFORNIA
(Bequaert & Miller, 1973). NUEVO
LEON: Topo Chico, nr. Monterrey (Pilsbry, 1904). SAN LUÍS POTOSÍ: numerous localities in
eastern part of state (Correa-Sandoval, et
al, 1998). SONORA: ca. 4.2 mi. from
Cerro de Oro (29°38.9’ N, 110°36.6’ W) (Naranjo-Garcia, 1991). TAMAULIPAS: numerous localities
(Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002).
YUCATAN: Sazich Cave, Calcehtok (Bequaert & Clench, 1938). VERACRUZ: Rancho El Sol, Naranjos (21°20’00”
N, 97° 43’16” W); 1 km E of Poza Rica (20°49’11” N, 97°30’00” W); Ruinas El
Tajín (20°26’29” N, 97°22’30” W) (Correa-Sandoval, 1999).
Hawaiia minuscula
neomexicana (Cockerell & Pilsbry, 1900)
Zonitoides
neomexicans
Cocherell & Pilsbry, 1900; Nautilus, 13: 114.
Pseudovitrea
minuscule neomexicana
(Cockerell & Pilsbry). Baker, 1929;
PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA., 81: 262; pl. 10, figs. 7-9 (anatomy).
Hawaiia
minuscula neomexicana (Cockerell
& Pilsbry). Baker, 1930; Occasional
papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 35.- Pilsbry, 1946; Land Moll. N. Amer., 2:
424-425; figs. 7-9 (shell).
Punctum
pygmaeum var. albeolum Dall, 1926; Proceedings
California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 15: 481-482.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Zonitoides neomexicanus: Dripping
Spring, Organ Mountains, Texas. Punctum pygmaeum var. albeolum: Maria Magdalena Island, Tres
Marias Islands, Nayarit. Holotype CAS
2203.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Texas and
New Mexico south to Nayarit and Puebla; Colombia. NAYARIT:
Maria Magdalena Island; Mt. Evermann, Maria Madre Island, 2000-2800 ft.
alt. (Dall, 1926). PUEBLA: Necaxa
(Baker, 1930). COLOMBIA: Old Providence
Island (Pilsbry, 1930).
Hawaiia minuscula
permodesta (Strebel, 1880)
Hyalinia
permodesta Strebel,
1880: 19; pl. 4, fig. 9 (shell).
Pseudovitrea
minuscula permodesta
(Strebel). Baker, 1929; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 81: 262-263; pl. 10, figs. 10-12 (shell).
?
Hawaiia minuscula permodesta
(Strebel, 1880). Pilsbry, 1946; Land
Moll. N. Amer., 2: 423-424; figs. 228b; figs. 229 (10-12).
Hawaiia
minuscule subsp.
Thompson, 1967c: 243; fig. 3 D-F (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mirador,
Veracruz.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CAMPECHE:
8.1 mi. SW of Champoton; 7.2 mi. SW of Pixtun (Thompson, 1967). VERACRUZ: Mirador.
TAXONOMY.- The identification of
specimens from various regions of the study area is problematic. Thompson (1967) could not assign specimens
from Campeche to subspecies; and Smith, et al, hesitated to assign specimens
from Baja California Sur to species.
Hawaiia pentagyra
(Pilsbry, 1907)
Zonitoides
pentagyra Pilsbry,
1907; Nautilus, 21: 28; pl. 3, figs. 6, 7, 8 (shell).- Hinkley, 1907; Nautilus, 21:
TYPE LOCALITY.- River drift,
Tampico, Tamaulipas. Holotype ANSP
93796.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
TAMAULIPAS: known only from the type locality.
Genus Mesomphix Rafinesque, 1819
Mesomphix Rafinesque, 1819; Jour. de
Physique, 88: 125.- Pilsbry, 1911; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 63: 478.- Baker,
1930a; Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,
(22): 24.- Pilsbry, 1946, Land Moll. N.
Amer., 2: 305, 319.
Omphix
Pilsbry, 1911;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 63: 479.
Micromphix Pilsbry, 1911; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 63: 479.
TYPE SPECIES.- Mesomphix: Helix laevigatus Rafinesque, 1819 (= Mesomphix perlaevis vulgatus Baker, 1933; not Helix laevigatus
Linnaeus, 1766. Omphix: Helix inornatus
Say, 1821. Micromphix: Helix subplasus
Binney, 1842.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern North
America from Ontario and Quebec to Guatemala, in regions of moderate or high
humidity (Pilsbry, 1946).
TAXONOMY.- Four subgenera are
recognized. Three occur in the study
area.
Subgenus Mesomphix Rafinesque, 1819
DISTRIBUTION.- This is an
Appalachian group primarily, with some species extending outward from the
mountains into adjacent regions. The subgenus Mesomphix does not occur in the study area.
Subgenus Omphalina Rafinesque, 1831
Omphalina Rafinesque, 1931; Enumeration and
account …: 3.- Pilsbry, 1894; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 46: 14.- Pilsbry,
1911; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 63: 469-470. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
104.- Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers
Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 26.
TYPE SPECIES.- Omphalina cuprea Rafinesque.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern North
America from Quebec south to Guatemala.
TAXONOMY.- Omphalina includes nine species, five of which occur in Mexico and
Central America.
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) lucubratus lucubratus (Say, 1829)
Helix
lucubrate Say,
1829; New Harmony Disseminator, II: 229.
Hyalina
lucubrate
(Say). Tryon, 1866; Man. Conch., 2: 247;
pl. 18, fig. 14 (shell).
Omphalina
lucubrate (Say). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
106-107; pl. 6, figs. 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a, 2b, 3, 5 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
55: 767.
Mesomphix (Omphalina) lucubrate
lucubrata (Say). Baker, 1930a;
Occasional papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 27.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA. VERACRUZ: Las Vigas; Cordoba (Von Martens,
1892), Texolo (Pilsbry, 1904).
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) lucubratus caducus (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Helix
caduca Pfeiffer,
1846; Malak. Blätter, 3: 159.
Zonites
caducus Binney
& Bland; land and freshwater shells of North America, 1: 286; fig. 513
(shell).- Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
163; pl. 7, figs. 3, 3a (shell); pl. 8, figs. 13-16 (radula).
Moreletia
caduca
(Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 6; pl. 1,
figs. 1b, 7a, 7b, 7c (shell); pl. 8, figs. 1 (anatomy), figs. 9, 9a (shell);
pl. 9, figs. 1 (radula), fig. 17 (jaw).
Omphalina
caduca (Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 108.
Mesomphix (Omphalina) lucubratus caducus
(Pfeiffer). Baker, 1930a; Occasional
papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 26-28.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordoba, Veracruz
(Baker, 1930: 27).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
Quilate, nr. Misantla; Soncoautla, nr. Coatepec; San Antonia Huatusco; Cerro de
Palmas, nr. Cordoba; Cordoba; Orizaba; Mirador; Jalapa (Von Martens, 1892);
Peñuela to Sumidero, 2625-3400 ft. alt. (Baker, 1930).
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) lucubratus deppianus (Von Martens, 1892)
Omphalina lucubrata
deppiana Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 107; pl. 6, figs. 4, 4a, 4b
(shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Orizaba,
Veracruz.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
known only from the type locality.
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) lucubratus fasciatus
(Fischer & Crosse, 1872)
Zonites (Moreletia) caducus var.
β fasciata Fischer & Crosse,
1872: 163; pl. 7, fig. 3b (shell).
Moreletia
angiomphala
Strebel, 1880: 8, 92; pl. 1, figs. 2a-f, 3a-c, 7a-b, 8 a-d (shell); pl. 8,
figs. 2, 3 (anatomy), figs. 8, 8a (shell); pl. 9, figs. 2-4 (radula), fig. 16
(jaw).
Omphalina lucubrate
fasciata (Fischer & Crosse). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 107.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Zonites fasciata: Jacale, nr. the Volcán
de Orizaba. Moreletia angiomphala: not specified.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
Cajetas; San Antonia del Monte, nr. Neolingo; Cuautlatitlan, between Jico and
Perote; Ixhuacan, between Jalapa and Quimistla; Coatepec, nr. jalapa (Strebel,
1880); Jalapa; Jacale; Mirador (Von Martens, 1892).
REMARKS.- Baker (1930, 2) stated
that angiostomus might be a distinct
species.
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) lucubratus olivarius (Fischer & Crosse, 1872)
Zonites (Moreletia) lucubratus olivaria Fischer & Crosse, 1972:
161; pl. 7, figs. 4, 4a (shell).
Omphalina lucubrata
olivaria (Fischer & Crosse). Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 107-108.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Tepanasacualco,
Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA:
known only from the type locality.
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) lucubratus strebelianus (Von Martens, 1892)
Moreletia
fuliginosa form
B. Strebel, 1880: 6; pl. 8, figs. 7, 7a
(shell).
Omphalina
caduca strebeliana Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 108.
Mesomphix (Omphalina) lucubratus
strebelianus (Von Martens). Baker,
1930a; Occasional papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 28.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Near Misantla,
Veracruz (Baker, 1930: 28).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PUEBLA:
Necaxa (Baker, 1930). VERACRUZ: Quilate; Hirial; Palpoala; Misantla; Cajetes,
nr. San Juan Miahuatlan, between Jalapa and Misantla (Von Martens, 1892).
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) martensianus (Pilsbry, 1903)
Omphalina
martensiana Pilsbry,
1903; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 766-767; pl. 48, figs. 7, 7a, 7b
(shell); text-fig. (radula).
Mesomphix (Omphalina) martensianus
(Pilsbry). Baker, 1930a; Occasional
papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 28.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Huehuetenango,
Guatemala. Holotype ANSP 85521.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Huehuetenango: Huehuetenango.
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) paradensis (Pfeiffer, 1860)
Helix
paradensis
Pfeiffer, 1860; Malak. Blätter, 7: 233.
Zonites
(Moreletia) paradensis (Pfeiffer). Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 158; pl. 7,
figs. 7, 7a (shell).
Moreletia
paradensis (Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 10; pl. 1, fig. 6 (shell); pl.
2, figs. 4, 7 (shell).
Moreletia
dohrnii Strebel,
1880: 93; pl. 15, figs. 1 (radula and anatomy).
Mesomphix (Omphalina) paradensis
(Pfeiffer). Baker, 1930a; Occasional
papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 28.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Helix paradensis: Parada, Oaxaca. Moreletia
dohrnii: not specified.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA:
Parada. VERACRUZ: Cajetes, nr. San Juan
Miahuatlan; Consolapa, nr. Coatepec; Coautlatitlan (Strebel, 1880).
Mesomphix (Omphalina) pittieri (Bartsch, 1909)
Omphalina
pittieri Bartsch,
1909: 322; pl. 33, figs. 2, 7, 8 (shell)
TYPE LOCALITY.- In the vicinity
of Secanquim, Dept. Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.
Holotype USNM 207783.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA:
known only from the type locality.
Mesomphix
(Omphalina) zonites (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix
zonites Pfeiffer,
1845; PZS: 127.
Zonites
(Moreletia) metonomasticus Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 157; pl. 7, fig. 2a,
2(?).
Moreletia
metonomastica
(Fischer & Crosse). Strebel, 1880:
5.
Omphalina
(Moreletia) zonites (Pfeiffer). Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 106.
Mesomphix (Omphalina) zonites (Pfeiffer). Baker,
1930a; Occasional papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 28.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix zonites: not stated. Zonites
metonomasticus: Tuxtla [Gutierrez], Chiapas.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIAPAS:
Tuxtla Gutierrez.
Subgenus Moreletia Gray, 1855
Moreletia Gray, 1855; Catalogue of the
pulmonata or air breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum:
148.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix euryomphala Pfeiffer, 1845.
DISTRIBUTION.- Guatemala.
TAXONOMY.- The subgenus includes
a single species.
Mesomphix
(Moreletia) euryomphala (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix
euryomphala
Pfeiffer, 1845.
Zonites
(Moreletia) euryomphala (Pfeiffer).
Gray, 1855; Catalogue of the Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the
collection of the British Museum: 148.-
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 155; pl. 7, figs 1, 1a, 1b; pl. 8, figs. 1-9
(anatomy).
Moreletia
euryomphala
(Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1875; PZS:
648.- Strebel, 1880: 5.
Mesomphix
euryomphala
(Pfeiffer). van der Schalie, 1940: 4.
Omphalina
(Moreletia) euryomphala (Pfeiffer). Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 106.
Helix
cymbalum Morelet,
1849; Test Noviss., I: 7.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix euryomphala: Coban, Dept. Alta
Verapaz, Guatemala. Helix cymbalum: mountain forests of Vera Paz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: mountains of Alta
Verapaz; Coban (Von Martens, 1892).
Subgenus Zonyalina Von Martens, 1865
Zonyalina Von Martens, 1865; Malak. Blätter,
12: 16.- Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers
Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 29.- Zilch, 1959: 242.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix bilineata Pfeiffer, 1845.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern Mexico
TAXONOMY.- Three species are
recognized.
Mesomphix
(Zonyalina) bilineatus (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix
bilineata Pfeiffer,
145; PZS: 128.
Hyaline
(Zonyalina) bilineata (Pfeiffer). Von
Martens, Malak. Blätter, 12: 16.
Zonites
(Moreletia) bilineatus (Pfeiffer).
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 167.
Zonyalina
bilineatus
(Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 11; pl. 2, figs.
3, 12, 14 (shell); pl. 8, figs. 4 (anatomy); pl. 9, figs. 5, 6 (radula); fig.
19 (jaw).
Omphalina
bilineata
(Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 109; pl. 6, fig. 6 (variety apicalis).- Pilsbry, 1903; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
55: 707.- Bequaert, 1957; Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 116: 220.
Zonites
(Zonyalina) bilineatus (Pfeiffer).
Pilsbry, 1891; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 43: 312.
Mesomphix
(Zonalina) bilineatus (Pfeiffer).
Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (220): 26, 28-30; pl. 9,
fig. 2 (radula), figs. 3, 4 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not stated.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIAPAS:
Laguna Ocatal, 950 m alt. (Bequaert, 1957).
VERACRUZ: Cordoba; Mirador; Misantla; Jalapa; Pacho, nr. Jalapa;
Cuautlatitlan; Orizaba (Von Martens, 1892); Cordoba to Sumidero, 2625-3400 ft.
alt. (Baker, 1930).
Mesomphix
(Zonyalina) modestus (Von Martens, 1892)
Zonites
(Moreletia) bilineatus
form β Strebel, 1880: 13; pl. 2, fig. 14a.
Omphalina
modesta Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 110-111; pl. 6, figs. 7, 7a, 7b (shell).- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 617.
Mesomphix (Zonyalina) modestus
(Strebel). Baker, 1930a; Occasional
papers Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 29.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Jalapa, Veracruz.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
Jalapa; Las Vigas, NW of Jalapa; Nacimiento de Quilate, nr. Misantla (Von
Martens, 1892). COSTA RICA, San José Prov.: La Palma, 1600 m alt.;
La Paz, 750 m alt.
REMARKS.- Von Martens (1901: 617)
records this species from Costa Rica, on the basis of a report by Biolley,
1897; Moluscos terrestres y fluviatiles de Costa Rica: 7. These records need to be confirmed.
Mesomphix
(Zonyalina) tuxtlensis (Crosse &
Fischer)
Zonites
tuxtlaensis Crosse
& Fischer, 1870; Jour. de Conchyl., 18: 237. Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 166; pl. 7, figs.
6, 6a (shell).
Omphalina
tuxtlensis (Crosse
& Fischer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 110.
Mesomphix (Zonyalina) tuxtlensis (Crosse & Fischer). Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers Museum of
Zoology, University of Michigan, (220): 29.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Tuxtla [San
Andres Tuxtla ?], Veracruz.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
known only from the type locality.
Genus Patulopsis Strebel, 1880
Patulopsis Strebel, 1880: 16.
TYPE SPECIES.- Patulopsis carinata Strebel, 1880.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern Mexico in
the states of Veracruz and Puebla.
TAXONOMY.- Two subgenera are
recognized.
Subgenus Patulopsis Strebel, 1880
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern Mexico
from the states of Puebla and Veracruz.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Patulopsis
(Patulopsis) carinatus Strebel, 1880
Patulopsis
carinatus Strebel.
1880: 16; pl. 4, figs. 15, 15a, 15b (shell); pl. 8, fig. 6 (anatomy); pl. 9,
fig. 8 (radula), fig. 20 (jaw).
Omphalina
(Patulopsis) carinata (Strebel). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
113.- Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 55: 708.
Mesomphix
(Patulopsis) carinatus
(Strebel). Baker, 1930a; Occasional
papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (220); 33-34; pl. 10,
figs. 5, 6 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Woods of Pacho,
nr. Jalapa, Veracruz.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ: Jalapa; Pacho, nr. Jalapa; Coatepec (Von
Martens, 1892). PUEBLA: above Necaxa,
4700-5500 ft. alt. (Baker, 1930).
Subgenus Omphalinella Baker, 1930
Omphalinella Baker, 1930; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.
Univ. Mich., (220): 26, 29.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Helix veracruzensis Pfeiffer, 1956.
DISTRIBUTION.- Mexico from the
states of Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Puebla, Veracruz and Guerrero.
TAXONOMY.- Four species and two
subspecies are assigned to this subgenus.
Patulopsis
(Omphalinella) montereyensis montereyensis
(Pilsbry, 1899)
Omphalina
montereyensis
Pilsbry, 1899; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51: 395.- Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
55: 767-768; pl. 48, figs. 6, 6a, 6b (shell).
Mesompix (Omphalinella) montereyensis
montereyensis (Pilsbry). Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich., (220): 31.
Mesomophix
montereyensis
(Pilsbry). Correa-Sandoval, 1993; Rev.
Biol. Trop., 41: 675.- Correa-Sandoval
& Castro, 2002; Acta Zool. Mex., (86): 236.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Diente, near
Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Holotype ANSP
77110.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEON: Diente; Santiago (Correa-Sandoval, 1993).
TAMAULIPAS: numerous localities
in W part of state (Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002).
Patulopsis
(Omphalinella) montereyensis victorianus (Pilsbry, 1903)
Omphalina
montereyensis victoriana
Pilsbry, 1903; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 798; pl. 48, figs. 5, 5a, 5b
(shell).
Mesomphix (Omphalinella) montereyensis
victorianus (Pilsbry). Baker, 1930a, (220): 31.- Solem, 1954; Nautilus, 68: 7.- Correa-Sandoval, Gutierrez & Reza, 1998:
14.- Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002; Acta Zool. Mex., (86): 236.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cañon 4 miles west of Ciudad Victoria,
Tamaulipas. Holotype ANSP 85912a.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SAN LUIS
POTOSI; Cd. del Maíz-El Naranjo, km 35 (22°30’00” N, 99°22’06” W)
(Correa-Sandoval, et al, 1998). TAMAULIPAS: Ranch del Cielo, 7 km N of Gomez
Farias; 20 km N of Chamal (Solem, 1954); numerous localities (Correa-Sandoval
& Castro, 2002).
Patulopsis
(Omphalinella) salleana (Von Martens, 1892)
Zonites
veracruzensis
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 159; pl. 7, figs. 8a, 8b (shell) (not Helix veracruzensis Pfeiffer, 1856).
Omphalina
salleana Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 112. (Substitute name for Zonites veracruzensis Fischer &
Crosse, 1872).
Mesomphix (Omphilinella) salleana (Von
Martens). Baker, 1930a; Occ. pa. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich., (220): 31.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordoba,
Veracruz.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
known only from the type locality.
Patulopsis
(Omphalinella) sculptus (Von Martens, 1892)
Omphalina
sculpta Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 113; pl. 6, figs. 10, 10a, 10b (shell).
Mesomphix (Omphalinella) sculptus (Von
Martens). Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich., (220): 31.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Omilteme,
Guerrero.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUERRERO:
known only from the type locality.
Patulopis
(Omphalinella) verecruzensis veracruzensis (Pfeiffer, 1856)
Mesomphix (Omphalinella) verecruzensis
veracruzensis (Pfeiffer). Baker,
1930a; Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,
(220): 31-32; pl. 10, figs. 1, 3 (reproductive anatomy), fig. 2 (pallial
organs), fig. 4 (radula).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordova [
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
Cordoba; Atoyac to Sumidero, 1300-3400 ft. alt. (Baker, 1930)
Patulopsis
(Omphalinella) veracruzensis jalapensis (Strebel, 1880)
Zonyalina
jalapensis Strebel,
1880: 15; pl. 2, figs. 11, 11a (shell); pl. 8, fig. 5 (anatomy); pl. 9, fig. 7
(radula), fig. 19 (jaw).
Omphalina
veracruzensis jalapensis
(Strebel). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 111.
Mesomphix (Omphalinella) veracruzensis
jalapensis (Strebel). Baker, 1930a; Occasional papers
TYPE LOCALITY.- Jalapa,
DISTRIBUTION
Pycnogyra Strebel, 1880: 20.-
Baker, 1928; Proc. Acad. Nat. Si. Phila., 80: 27.- Zilch, 1959: 240.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix berendti
Pfeiffer, 1861.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern Mexico
from the states of
TAXONOMY.- The genus is
monotypic.
Pycnogyra berendti
(Pfeiffer, 1861)
Helix berendti Pfeiffer, 1861;
Malak. Blätter, 8: 72.
Pycnogyra
berendti
(Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 20; pl. 4,
fig. 5 (shell); pl. 9, fig. 12 (radula).-
Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 768.- Baker, 1928; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
80: 27-29; pl. 5, figs. 5, 7, 10 (reproductive anatomy), fig. 6 (pallial
organs), fig. 8 (jaw), fig. 9 (radula).-
Zilch, 1959: 240; fig. 846 (shell).
Pseudohyalina
berendti
(Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 126.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Hacienda Mirador,
near
DISTRIBUTION
Superfamily LIMACOIDEA
Family LIMACIDAE
Lamarck, 1801
DISTRIBUTION.- Western Palearctic region. A single genus, Deroceras, occurs naturally in
Genus Limax Linnaeus, 1758
TYPE SPECIES.- Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758.
DISTRIBUTION.- Europe, adjacent Asia and
TAXONOMY.- Numerous species, two of which have been introduced into the study area.
Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sweden.
DISTRIBUTIO RECORDS.- Europe, Asia Minor and
Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758
TYPE LOCALITY.- Western
DISTRIBUTION
Genus Deroceras Refineque, 1920
TYPE SPECIES.- Limax laevis Müller, 1774.
DISTRIBUTION.- Entire Palearctic region and both North America and
TAXONOMY.- Over 70 species have been described, but fewer than half are recognizably descried. Three occurs in the study area. Two are of doubtful validity.
Deroceras cobanensis (Crosse & Fischer, 1872)
Limax cobanensis Crosse & Fischer, 1872; Jour. de Conchyl., 20: 159.- Von Martens, 1898; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 349.
Deroceras cobanenesis (Crosse &
Fischer). H. B. Baker, 1930; Occasional
TYPE LOCALITY.- Coban, Dept. Alta Verapaz,
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
TAXONOMY.- The taxonomic status of this species is questionable (H. B. Baker, 1930a).
Deroceras costaricensis (Cockerell, 1890)
Agriolimax californicus subsp. costaricensis Cockerell, 1890; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 6: 278-279.
Agriolimax costaricesnsis Cockerell. Von Martens, 1898; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 345.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION
TAXONOMY.- The taxonomic status of this species requires further study.
Deroceras laeve (Müller, 1774)
Limax laevis Müller, 1774; Verm. Terr. et Fluv., II: 1.
Limax (Hyrolimax) laevis Müller. Von Martens, 1898; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 347-349.
Deroceras laeve (Müller). H. B. Baker, 1930; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich, (320): 41-45; ; pl. 11, figs. 1 (radula), 6 (penis), 7 (terminal genitalia).- Pilsbry, 1948; Land moll. N. Amer., 2: 539-552; figs. 280-291.- Pérez & López, 2002: 164-165.
TYPE LOALITY.- Denmark
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- North
TAXONOMY.- H. B. Baker (1930a) lists the following names from the study area as probable synonyms of Deroceras laeva.
Limax gracilis Rafinesque, 1820.
Limax campestris Binney, 1841.
Limax semitectus Möch, 1857.
Krynichia
Limax guatemalensis Crosse & Fischer, 1870.
Limax stenuras Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880.
Limax jalapensis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880.
Limax berendti Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880.
Adriolimax motaguensis Cockerell, 1914.
Agriolimax berendti var. pictus Cockerell, 1897.
Genus Milax Gray, 1855
TYPE SPECIES.- Limax gagatus Draparnaud.
DISTRIBUTION.- Europe, particularly in the Mediterranian region.
TAXONOMY.- About 20 species are recognized. A single species has been introduced into the study area.
Milax gagatus (Draparnaud, 1801)
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not stated.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Reported for
Superfamily ARIONOIDEA
Family BINNEYIDAE
cOCKERELL, 1891
Subfamily
BINNEYINAE Cockerell, 1891
DISTRIBUTION.- Pacific coastal
region of
TAXONOMY.- Two genera are
recognized. One occurs in Baja
California Norte.
Genus Binneya Cooper, 1863
Binneya Cooper, 1863;
TYPE SPECIES.- Binneya notabilis Cooper, 1863.
DISTRIBUTION.- Small islands off the coast of southern
TAXONOMY.-
Two subgenera are recognized.
Both occur in Baja California Norte.
Subgenus Binneya Cooper, 1863
TAXONOMY.- The subgenus is
monotypic.
Binneya
(Binneya) notabilis Cooper, 1863
Binneya
notablis Cooper,
1863; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 3: 62; fig. 15.-
Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 50:
231.- Pilsbry, 1948; Land Moll. N.
Amer., 2: 735-737; fig. 394, A (radula), B (reproductive system), C (jaw); fig.
395, a-c (shell).- Smith, Miller,
Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 127-128; fig. 30
(distribution map).
DISTRIBUTION
TAXONOMY.- the identity of the Mexican population is uncertain, and it
may involve a distinct species (Pilsbry, 1948).
Subgenus Alluthyra Pilsbry, 1948
Alluthyra Pilsbry, 1948; Land Moll. N. Amer.,
2: 737.
TYPE SPECIES.- Binneya guadalupensis Pilsbry, 1927.
DISTRIBUTION.- Endemic to
Guadalupe
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Binneya guadalupensis
Pilsbry, 1927
Binneya
guadalupensis
Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 16: 169; pl. 6, figs. 2, 4, 5 (shell),
figs. 3, 6-9 (animal); pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a-2d (reproductive anatomy), 3
(jaw).- Pilsbry, 1948; Land. Moll. N.
Amer., 2: 737; fig. 394 d-k (anatomy); fig. 395 B, C (shell), D, E
(animal).- Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 128.
TYPE LOCALITY.- 3 miles south of
DISTRIBUTION
FAMILY
PHILOMYCHIDAE Gray, 1847
DISTRIBUTION.- East Asia, North
America south to
TAXONOMY.- Four genera generally
are recognized. Philomycus, Pallifera and
Megapallifera are
Genus Pallifera Morse, 1864
Pallifera Morse, 1864; Jour. Portland Soc.
Nat. Hist., 1: 8.- Pilsbry, 1948; Land
Moll. N. Amer., 2: 759.
TYPE SPECIES.- Philomychus dorsalis Binney, 1842.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern North
America, eastern and Central Mexico,
TAXONOMY.- Seven species are
recognized. One species and two
subspecies are recorded from the study area.
Two other species are considered nomina
dubia.
Pallifera
costaricensis costaricensis (Mörch, 1858)
Philomycus
costaricensis
Mörch, 1858, in Vidensk, Meddelelser
Kjobenh., 1857: 341. Mõrch, 1860; Malak.
Blätter, 6: 109.- Von Martens, 1898;
Biol. Cent. Amer.: 346.- Cockerell,
1913; Nautilus, 27: 3.
Tebennophorus
costaricensis
(Mörch). Binney, 1879; Ann. New York
Acad. Sci., 1: 261; pl. 11, fig. M (animal), fig. N (radula).- Binney, 1884; Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 3:
87; pl. 8, fig. N (radula).
Pallifera
costaricensis
(Mörch). Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila, 78: 99.- Baker, 1930a; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 9220: 15.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Central
DISTRIBUTION
Pallifera
costaricensis alticola Baker, 1930
Pallifera
costaricensis alticola
Baker, 1930a; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 220: 15-18; pl. 8, fig. 2
(jaw), figs. 3, 6 (reproductive anatomy), fig. 4 (pallial organs).
TYPE LOCALITY.- On a rotten Douglas-fir log near Desierto de Los
DISTRIBUTION
Pallfera costaricensis
crosseana (Strebel, 1880)
Tebennophorus
crosseana Strebel, 1880; 25; pl. 10, fig. 6
(animal); pl. 9, figs. 13 (radula), fig.
22 (jaw).
Philomychus
crosseanus (Strebel). Von Martens, 1898; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
346.- Pilsbry, 1904; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 55: 770.
Pallfera
costaricensis crosseana
(Strebel & Pfeffer). Baker, 1930a; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (220): 18-21; pl. 8, fig. 1 (radula), fig. 5
(jaw).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not given.
DISTRIBUTION
Baker (1930a: 18-19) treats the
following taxa as nomina dubia. He refers the names to Pallifera.
Pallifera sallei
(Crosse & Fischer, 1869)
Philomycus
sallei Crosse &
Fischer, 1869; Jour. de Conchyl., 17: 190.-
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 191; pl. 9, figs. 6 (animal), fig. 7 (jaw),
figs. 8-11 (radula).- Von Martens, 1898;
Biol. Cent. Amer.: 346.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Playa Vicente,
DISTRIBUTION
Pallifera auratus
(Tate, 1870)
Tebennophorus
auratus Tate, 1870;
Amer. Jour. Conch., 5: 153.
Philomychus
auratus
(Tate). Von Martens, 1898; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 340.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Javali, Dept.
DISTRIBUTION
Superfamily HELICOIDEA
Family CAMAENIDAE Pilsbry,
1895
Subfamily
PLEURODONTINAE Ihering, 1912
Genus Labyrinthus Beck, 1837
Labyrinthus Beck, 1837.- Solem, 1966; Fieldiana: Zoology, 50:
37-44.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix otis Lightfoot, 1786 (= Helix labyrinthus Deshayes, 1838) (Herrmannsen, 1846).
DISTRIBUTION.- Southeastern
Nicaragua south to Madre de Dios, Peru, east to Caracas, Venezuela and the
confuences of the Rio Tapajóz and the Rio Amazon in Pará, Brazil. Sea level to 2200 m alt.
TAXONOMY.- About thirty species
and ten subspecies are recognized in Labyrinthus
(Solem, 1966). Five species and three
subspecies occur in the study area.
Labyrinthus
quadridentatus quadridentatus (Broderip, 1832)
Caracolls
quadridentata
Broderip, 1832; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 30.
Labyrinthus
quadridentatus (Broderip). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
176-177.- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 628-629.
Labyrinthus
quadridentatus quadridentatus (Broderip). Solem, 1966;
Fieldiana: Zoology, 50: 51-52; figs. 10b, 11b.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Golfo Dulce,
Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA, Prov. Comarca de Baru: Puerto Armuelles
(Solem, 1966). COSTA RICA, Prov. Puntarenas: Coto; Quebrada de la
Palma, Rio Coto basin (Solem, 1966); Térraba, 200-300 m alt.; Alto de Mano
Tigre, nr. Térraba, 690-700 m alt.; El Pozo, Rio Grande de Térraba; El Pital,
Rio Naranjo valley, 200 m alt.; Quebrada Chenarria, Golfito (Von Martens,
1901).
Labrinthus
quadridentatus biollyi Solem, 1966
Labrinthus
quadridentatus biollyi
Solem, 1966; Fieldiana: Zoology, 50: 52-53; figs. 10c, 11c (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Guaitil de
Pirris, San José Prov., Costa Rica.
Holotype Carnegie Museum 62.575.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. Alajuela: Piedras
Negras. Prov. Cartago: Azahar de Cartago.
Prov. San José: Guaitil de
Pirris (Solem, 1966).
Labyrinthus
triplicatus (Von Martens, 1868)
Helix
triplicatus Von
Martens, 1868; Malak. Blätt., 15: 156.
Helix
(Labyrinthus) triplicatus (Von Martens).
Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5: 165-166; pl. 41, figs. 17-19 (shell).
Labyrinthus
triplicatus (Von
Martens). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 176; pl. 10, figs. 2a-c (shell).-
Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 628.- Solem, 1966; Fieldiana: Zoology, 50: 47-48;
fig. 10a, 11a (shell).
Helix
aesopus Angas,
1878; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 72-73; pl. 5, figs. 11, 12 (shell).
Helix
(Labyrinthus) triplicatus var. aesopus
Angas.- Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5:
166; pl. 64, figs. 27, 28 (shell).
Pleurodonte (Labyrinthus) aesopus (Angas). Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 127.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix triplicatus: Costa Rica. Helix
aesopus: Buena Vista, [Prov. Alajuela?], Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
PANAMA. COSTA RICA, Prov. Cartago: Turrialba; Navarro;
Platanillo, 600 m alt.; Cervantes, 1480 m alt.; Valle de Tuis, 620 m alt.;
Tuis, 650 m alt.; Talamanca valley (Solem, 1966). Prov.
Heredia: Sarapiquí (Von Martens, 1892).
Prov. Limon: Cahuita; hills of
Urén (Solem, 1966).
Labyrinthus
subplanatus sipunculatus (Forbes, 1850)
Helix
labyrinthus var. sipunculatus Forbes, 1850; Proc. Zool.
Soc. London: 53; pl. 9, figs. 4a, 4b (shell).
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) otis sipuncuculata (Forbes).
Pilsbry, 1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 62: 504.
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) sipuncuculata (Forbes).
Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 74; pl. 9, fig. 4.
Labyrithus
subplanatus sipunculatus
(Forbes). Solem, 1966: Fieldiana:
Zoology, 50: 119-122; figs. 33b, 34a, 35 (shell); fig. 59 (map).
Helix
annulifera Pfeiffer,
1852; Conch. Icon., Helix: 100; fig. 555 (shell).
Helix
(Labyrinthus) labyrinthus annulifera Pfeiffer.
Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5: 162; pl. 42, figs. 32, 33 (shell).
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) sipunculata annulifera (Forbes).
Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 74.
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) goldmani Dall, 1912; Smiths. Misc. Coll., 59: 1-2; pl. 2, figs. 1,
2 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix labyrinthus var. sipunculatus: Panama. Helix
annulifera: Panama. Pleurodonte (Labyrinthus) goldmani:
Pirrí Range, Darien, Panama.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COLOMBIA, Dept. Chocó: Finca La Victoria, Boca del
Pepe, Rio Baudo; Nucuí; mountains near mouth of Atrato River (Solem,
1966). PANAMA, Prov. Darién: Pirri Range; Paya; Rio Tucutí. Prov.
Panama: Cerro Campana; Sierra Chucanti, 1800 ft. alt. (Solem, 1966).
Labyrinthus otis
orthorhinus (Pilsbry, 1910)
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) otis orthorhinus Pilsbry, 1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61:
502, 505; pl. 37, figs. 1-4 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 75.- Pilsbry, 1930; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
82: 339.
Labyrinthus
otis orthorhinus (Pilsbry). Solem, 1966; Fieldiana: Zoology, 50: 108-113;
figs. 30c, 31c (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- North shore of
naval base, Prov. Colón, Panama. Holotype ANSP 101308a (Baker, 1963: 246).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COLOMBIA, Dept. Chocó: Acandi; mountains nr. mouth
of Rio Atrato (Solem, 1966). PANAMA, Prov. Darien: Pintupo; Tacarcuna. Comarco
de San Blas: forest nr. Armila; hills nr. Rio Mandingo, head of Golfo de
San Blas. Prov. Panama: mountains nr. Gaspasalama, Rio Mamoní; Rio Indio, nr.
Madden Lake; between Chepo and Rio Plantanal; along ridge of Rio Chico, fork of
Rio Pequení and Rio Bosquerón; La Aneida, nr. Tucuman Airport, 9 km from Cerro
Azul; slope of Cerro Cabra; hills above Arraiján; Cerro Trinidad; Cerro
Campana. Canal Zone: between Tabernillo and San Pablo; nr. Empire; nr.
Gorgona; Alhajuela; Gatun; Barro Colorado Island; Rio Piquení; shore of Lake
Madden. Prov. Colon: Santa Isabel; Quebrada Querquera, 15 mi. NE of Colón;
nr. Quipo; San Juanito, nr. Pegero, Coclé del Norte. Prov.
Coclé: El Valle. Prov. Veraguas: Azuero Peninsula, Tres
Puntas; Avacada; Mangillo. COSTA RICA, Prov. San José: Santa Maria de Dota,
1500 m alt.
Labyrinths uncigera
uncigera (Petit, 1838)
Caracolla
uncigera Petit,
1838; Guerin’s Mag. de Zool.: 113.
Helix (Labyrinthus) uncigera
(Petit). Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5:
164-165; pl. 4; figs. 23-26 (shell).
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) uncigera (Petit). Pilsbry,
1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 62: 501; fig. 1 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 75-76; fig. 6c; pl. 9, fig. 6 (shell).
Labyrinthus
unciger (Petit). Solem, 1966; Fieldiana: Zoology, 50: 95-96, 97-100;
figs. 29e, 29f (shell).
Helix
uncigera var. conoidea Ancey, 1890; Bull. Soc. Malac.
France, 7: 152.
Helix
uncigera anopla
Ancey, 1890; Bull. Soc. Malac. France, 7: 152.
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) tenaculum Dall, 1909; Smiths. Misc. Coll., 52: 360-362; text-fig.
64; pl. 37, figs. 5, 6, 11, 12 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Caracolla uncigera: Panama. Helix
uncigera var. conoidea:
Colombia. Helix uncigera var. anopla:
Colombia. Pleurodone (Labyrinthus) tenaculum: Mountains nr. mouth of Atrato
River, “Sierra Darién, Panama”.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COLOMBIA, Dept. Choco; Arquía, 1.5 hrs. walk from
Unguia; Acandi; Golfo de Urabá; mountains nr. mouth of Atrato River (Solem,
1966). PANAMA, Canal Zone: Rio Pequení; Salamanca Hydrographic Station, Rio Pequení. Prov.
Darién: Rio Puerco. Prov. Panama: mountains around
Gaspasalama, upper Mamoni River; half-way from Cerro Azul to Mandingo; Cerro
Campana. Comarco de San Blas: Puerto Olvaldia (Solem, 1966).
Labyrinths uncigera
chiriquiensis (Pilsbry, 1910)
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) uncingera chiriquiensis Pilsbry, 1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 62: 506-507; fig. 2 (shell).
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) chiriquiensis Pilsbry.
Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 76; fig. 6b; pl. 9,
fig. 5 (shell).
Labyrinths
unciger form chiriquiensis (Pilsbry, 1910). Solem, 1966; Fieldiana: Zoology, 50: 97-100;
figs. 27a, 27b, 29c, 29d (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiriquí Lagoon,
Prov. Chiriquí, Panama. Lectotype ANSP
1612a (Baker, 1963: 244).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA, Canal Zone: nr. Madden Lake. Prov.
Chiriquí: Chiriquí Lagoon. Prov. Coclé: El Valle; El Valle, 2400
ft. alt.; trail to Las Minas; Club Campestre, El Valle. Prov.
Panama: Cerro Campana (Solem, 1966).
Labyrinthus uncigera
tau Pilsbry, 1926
Pleurodonte
(Labyrinthus) uncigera tau Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 76;
fig. 6a.
Labyrinthus
unciger form tau (Pilsbry). Solem, 1966; Fieldiana, Zoology: 50: 96-97;
fig. 29a (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Bocas del Torro
Island, Bocas del Torro Prov., Panama.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COLOMBIA, Dept. Choco: Acandi (Solem, 1966). PANAMA, Prov.
Colón: Rio Salud. Prov. Coclé: El Valle. Prov.
Bocas del Torro: Bocas del Torro Island; Mono Creek, Almirante (Solem,
1966).
Genus Zachrysia Pilsbry, 1894
Zachrysia Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., Ser. 2,
9: 97
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix auricoma Férussac, 1821.
DISTRIBUTION.- Cuba.
TAXONOMY.- Four subgenera are
recognized. One has been introduced into
the study area.
Subgenus Zachrysia Pilsbry, 1894
TAXONOMY.- Several species are native to Cuba. One species, with two subspecies, has been
introduced into the study area.
Zachrysia auricoma
auricoma (Férussac, 1821)
Helix
(Helicogena) auricoma Férussac, 1821.
Helix
(Thelidomus) auricoma Férussac. Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5: 62-63; pl. 3,
figs. 26-30 (shell).
Pleurodonte
(Zachrysia) auricoma (Férussac). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 96.
Zachrysia
auricoma
(Férussac). Bequaert & Clench, 1936;
Pub. Canegie Inst. Wash., (457): 64.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cuba.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA, Prov. Panama: Panama City (Bequaert
& Clench, 1936).
Zachrysia auricoma
havanensis (Pilsbry, 1894)
Pleurodonte
(Zachrysia) auricoma havanensis Pilsbry, 1894; Man.
Conch., 9: 97; pl. 23, figs. 19-23 (anatomy).
Zachrysia
auricoma havanensis
Pilsbry. Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 78: 76-77; fig. 7 (shell).-
Bequaert & Clench, 1936; Pub. Canegie Inst. Wash., (457): 64.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Havana,
Cuba. Lectotype ANSP 77459a (Pilsbry,
1926: 76; H. B. Baker, 1963: 245).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- A Cuban
species that has been widely introduced to other tropical regions. PANAMA, Prov.
Panama: Cathedral Plaza, Panama City (Pilsbry, 1926). YUCATAN: Quinta; Merida (Bequaert &
Clench, 1936).
Family SOLAROPSIDAE
Nordsieck, 1986
Genus Psadara
K. Miller, 1878
Psadara Miller, 1878; Malac. Blätt., 25:
162.- Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 78: 112.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix selenostoma Pfeiffer; 1852.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern Brazil,
Bolivia and Peru north to Guayana and Colombia; Costa Rica.
TAXONOMY.- Many species. One occurs in the study area.
Psadara tiloriensis
(Angas, 1879)
Helix
(Solaropsis) tiloriensis Angas, 1879; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 477; pl. 40, fig.
2.- Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 159.- Von Martens, 1901; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 626.
Psadara
tiloriensis
(Angas). Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 78: 112-113.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Between the
rivers Tilorio and Zhorquin [Prov. Limon], Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. Limon: Puerto Viejo, at
the confluence of the Rio Viejo and the Rio Sarapiqui (Von Martens, 1901).
Family
HUMBOLDTIANIDAE Pilsbry, 1939
Genus Bunnya H. B. Baker, 1942
Bunnya
H. B. Baker, 1942;
Nautilus, 56: 37-41.- Miller, 1987;
Veliger, 29: 308-312.
TYPE SPECIES.- Bunnya bernadinae H. B. Baker, 1942.
DISTRIBUTION.- Western México:
States of Durango, Jalisco, México, Nayarit, and Sinaloa.
TAXONOMY.- Two species.
Bunnya bernadinae H.
B. Baker, 1942
Bunnya bernadinae
H. B. Baker, 1942; Nautilus, 56: 37-40; pl.
5, figs. 1-2 (shell), fig. 3 (mantle collar), fig. 4 (radula), fig. 5 (jaw),
figs. 6-9 (genitalia).- Miller, 1987;
Veliger, 29: 308-312.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Walls of
old monastery, Desierto de Leónes, Distrito Federal, México. Holotype in the UMMZ.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- JALISCO:
in addition to the type locality it is known from Temexcaltgepec.
Bunnya
naranjoae Miller, 1987
Bunnya naranjoae
Miller, 1987; Veliger, 29: 308-312; fig. 1 (shell), fig. 2 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Along road from
El Chante to Guizár, 1.5 km south of Rancho Manantlán, (or 16 km south of El
Chante), Sierra Manantlán, Jalisco; (19º36.5'00" N, 104º12.3'00" W)
1390 m alt. Holotype SBMNH 34369.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Western
slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental from the vicinity of Mazatlán, Sinaloa in
the north to the Sierra de Manantlán in southwestern Jalisco. DURANGO: ravine along the Mazatlán-Durango
highway 3 km E of Santa Lucia (15 km west of Loberas summit). JALISCO: type locality. NAYARIT: ravine along the Tepic-Puerto
Vallarta highway at km 42 marker from Tepic; in riparian valley of Rio
Manantlan from the type locality to 1.1 km upstream in the vicinity of the
abandoned sawmill at Rincon de Manantlan.
Genus Humboldtiana Von Ihering, 1892
Humboldtiana
Ihering, 1892;
Zoologie, 54: 472.- Pilsbry, 1927; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 79: 165-166.-
Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 395-399.- Burch & Thompson, 1957; Occ. Pap. Mus.
Zool., 590: 1; map 1.- Solem, 1974;
Veliger, 16: 359-364.- Nordsieck, 1987; Arch. für Mollusk., 118:
23.- Thompson & Brewer, 2000; Bull.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix
humboldtiana Pfeiffer, 1847.
DISTRIBUTION.-
Southern Texas south to the states of México and
TAXONOMY.- Six subgenera are
recognized. The genus contains 51
species. Forty-one species have been
described from Mexico.
Subgenus Aglotrochus Thompson, 2006
Aglotrochus Thompson, 2006; Bull. Fla. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 46: 92.
TYPE SPECIES.- Humboldtiana tanymastix Thompson,
2006.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Chihuahua.
TAXONOMY.- The subgenus contains
a single known species.
Humboldtiana (Aglotrochus) tanymastix Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
tanymastix Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 92-97; figs. 70-75 (shell), figs. 76-77
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, Sierra
Santo Domingo, 4 km west-southwest of Francisco Portillo (28˚36’ N, 105˚54’
W), 1970 m alt. Holotype FLMNH
21324.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA;
known only from the type locality.
Subgenus Clydonacme Thompson, 2006
Clydonacme
Thompson, 2006;
Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 75.
TYPE SPECIES.- Humboldtiana regula Thompson, 2006.
DISTRIBUTION.- Chihuahua.
TAXONOMY.- Six species.
Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) hogeana (von Martens, 1892)
Helix
humboldtiana högeana
von Martens, 1892; Biol. Centr. Amer.: 148; pl. 7, figs. 20, 21 (shell).
Humboldtiana
högeana (von
Martens).- Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 79: 179.- Pilsbry,
1935; Nautilus, 48: 2; pl. 1, fig. 9 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1935; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 2; pl. 1, fig. 9
(shell).- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N.
Amer.: 402.- Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 202.- Solem,
1954; Nautilus, 68: 5.- Solem, 1974;
Veliger, 16: 363.- Thompson, 1967; Nautilus,
81: 25.- Thompson, 2006; Bull. Fla. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 46: 90-92; figs. 63-69 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- “Chihuahua”. Lectotype BMNH 1901-6-22-657 (Thompson,
2006).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
CHIHUAHUA. von Martens described
this species from “Chihuahua”. It is not
clear whether the type locality is the city or the state. Whether the species actually occurred in Cd.
Chihuahua can no longer be determined.
The city has expanded since the Eighteenth Century from being a small
pueblo of less than 1,500 people then to a vast metropolis of 750,000 people
now, and nothing remains there that resembles a natural habitat that could
harbor an Humboldtiana.
Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) oberon Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
oberon Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 85-86; figs. 46-49 (shell), figs. 52-53
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, Sierra
Victorino, 17 km west of Nueva Majalca (28º47.4’ N, 106º27.7’ W) 1900-2000 m
alt. Holotype FLMNH 317164.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) princeps Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
princeps Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 87-90; figs. 54-59 (shell), figs. 60-62
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, 13 km
southwest of Cd. Chihuahua (28˚37’ N, 106˚10’ W); 1540 m alt. Holotype FLMNH 350039.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) regula Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
regula Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 76-79 (shell); figs. 27-31 (shell); figs.
32-33 (reproductive system).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, Sierra
de la Catarina, highway pass ca. 12 km northeast of Ignacio Zaragoza (29º46.0’
N, 107º37.8’ W); 2250 m alt. Holotype FLMNH
320069.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality: 21.6 km NE of
Ignacio Zaragoza, 2280 m alt. (29˚46.4’ N, 107˚37.5’ W); 11 km NE of
Ignacio Zaragoza, 2320 m alt. (29˚46.0’ N, 107˚38.2’ W).
Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) spectabile Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
spectabile Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 79-80; figs. 36-39 (shell); 34-35
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, a
rocky outcrop in the foothills of the Sierra La Catarina, Buenaventura, (29º40’
N, 107º30’ W); 1850 m alt. Holotype FLMNH
25129.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known from the type locality in the foothills of the Sierra La Catarina, which
lies about 20 km southwest of Buenaventura.
The range is oriented north-south, and is about 60 km long and about 10
km wide near its middle.
Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) titania Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
titania Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 82-85; figs. 42-45 (shell); figs. 50-51
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, Sierra Victorino, 0.6 km southeast of Cumbres
Majalca Visitors Center (28º48.1’ N, 106º28.8’ W), ca. 21 km west of Nueva
Majalca; 2060 m alt. Holotype FLMNH
358679.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Subgenus Gymnopallax Thompson, 2006
Gymnopallax
Thompson, 2006;
Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 72.
TYPE SPECIES: Humboldtiana cicatricosa Thompson, 2006.
DISTRIBUTION.- Chihuahua.
TAXONOMY.- Two species.
Humboldtiana (Gymnopallax) cicatricosa Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
cicatricosa Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 72-75; figs. 19-23 (shell), figs. 24-26
(reproductive anatomy); fig. 41 (animal).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, 4 km north-northeast of Rancho
Blanco, ca. 31 km NNE of San Juanito, along highway from La Junta to Creel
(28˚10.7’ N, 107˚23.5’ W); 2180 m alt. Holotype FLMNH 317169;
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Gymnopallax) sylvania Thompson & Mejia, 2006.
Humboldtiana
sylvania Thompson
& Mejia, 2006; Nautilus, 120: 28-29; figs. 6-10 (shell), figs. 13-14
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua,
Corareachi, 4.4 km north, 0.4 km west of Baqueachi (27°28.45’ N, 107°30.93’ W);
2000 m alt. Holotype FLMNH 353714.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Subgenus Humboldtiana von Ihering, 1892
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern Texas
south to the states of México and Veracruz.
TAXONOMY.- The subgenus contains
thirty-eight species and subspecies.
Twenty-nine species occur in Mexico.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) balanites Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
balanites Thompson,
2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 46: 68-72; figs. 12-16 (shell), figs. 17-18
(reproductive anatomy), fig. 40 (animal).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, 0.3 km
north of San Ignacia Arareco, ca. 5 km south of Creel; 2280 m alt. (27º43.9’ N,
107º37.4’ W). Holotype FLMNH
317170.
DISTRIBUTION
RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA: known only from the
type locality and a near-by locality: 6.6 km E of San Ignacio Arareco, ca. 6 km
south, 8 km east of Creel (27º43.9’ N, 107º23.5’ W), 2280 m alt. (FLMNH 317171,
FLMNH 317172).
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) bicincta Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
bicincta Thompson
& Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 59-62; figs. 19-24 (shell),
25-29 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Zacatecas, Sierra
de Mascarón, Cuesta de Judas, 4 km south by road from Las Crucitas, 2500 m alt.
(24º41.7’ N, 101º39.0’ W). Holotype FLMNH
268291.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- ZACATECAS:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) bFLMNHfoniana (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix
bFLMNHfoniana
Pfeiffer, 1845; Zeit. für Malak., 2: 152; Syst. Conch. Cab., 92: 151; pl. 92,
figs. 11-13.- Pfeiffer, in Philippi, 1847; Abb. II: 183; pl. 9,
fig. 2.
Helix
humboldtiana var. bFLMNHfoniana Pfeiffer.- Fischer & Crosse, 1872; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
I: 240; pl. 11, fig. 2.- von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 148.
Helix
(Lysinoe) humboldtiana Pfeiffer.- von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 147.
Helix
matronula Uhde, in von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
148.
Humboldtiana
bFLMNHfoniana (Pfeiffer).- Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 79:
170-173; text-fig. 2 (radula); pl. 2, figs. 2-4d (genitalia); pl. 12, fig. 5
(shell), pl. 13, fig. 1 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1939, Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 396; fig. 264 (genitalia), fig.
265c (jaws), fig. 266, 2-4d (genitalia).-
Solem, 1974; Veliger, 16: 362.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Rio Frio,
northern slope of Volcán Ixtaccihuatl, on
the road to Puebla, México; 2600 m alt.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- MÉXICO,
DISTRITO FEDERAL: at high altitudes in mountains forming the western border of
the Distrito Federal and along the southeastern border of the State of México.
ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Desierto de Los Leónes (nr. and above La Venta and Guajimalpa
or "Coaximalpán", about 22 km SW of México City, ca. 3,000 m alt.;
Santa Rosa, 2600 m alt.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) chrysogona Pilsbry, 1948
Humboldtiana
chrysogona Pilsbry,
1948; Proc. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 189-190; pl. 14, fig. c (shell), text-fig.
2b (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Zacatecas, on a
low limestone blFLMNHf at lower border of the village Aranzazu, Conceptión del
Oro; 8,500 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP
164055.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- ZACATECAS:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) corruga Thompson & Mejia, 2006
Humboldtiana
corruga Thompson
& Mejia, 2006; Nautilus, 120: 25-28; figs. 1-5 (shell), figs. 11-12
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chihuahua, 0.8 km
south and 0.3 km west of Norogachi (27º15.9’ N, 107º7.7’ W). Holotype FLMNH 358872.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) durangoensis Solem, 1954
Humboldtiana
durangoensis Solem,
1954; Nautilus, 68: 4-6, pl. 1, figs. 2, 6 (shell).- Solem, 1955; Nautilus, 69: 41-42.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Durango, pine
woods at 8000 ft., Laguna del Progresso, 30 miles north northwest of Los
Coyotes and 25 miles north northwest of El Salto. Holotype UMMZ 169746.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- DURANGO:
Sierra Madre Occidental from the drainage basin of the Rio Mezquital near
Durango City, N to the Rio Mayo in SW Chihuahua, and eastern Sinaloa (Solem,
1955). CHIHUAHUA: no locality
given. DURANGO: 2.5 mi. W of San Luís;
8000 ft. alt.; El Boneto, SW of Santiago Papasquiaro, 8000 ft. alt.(24º55’ N,
105º42’ W); Tepehuanes (25º22’ N, 105º42’ W); on trail from Pueblo Nueva to
Aseradero Metates, 9000 ft. alt. (23º24’ N, 105º24’ W). SINALOA: 13.4 mi. NE of Santa Lucia, 7100 ft.
alt. (FLMNH 130599).
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) edesma Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
edesma Thompson
& Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 62-66; figs. 30-34; figs.
30-34 (shell), figs. 36-41 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra San
Francisco de Desmontes, east slope of Cerro La Mota, Cueva Ahumada 5 km
southwest of Los Fierros, Nuevo León; 1,200 m alt. (25º41.2’ N, 100º42.9’ W). Holotype FLMNH 244468.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: known from the Sierra San Francisco de Desmontes. The sierra is a low, dry limestone range that
is aligned NE-SW across the Nuevo León-Coahuila border east of Saltillo. The type locality is at the northeast end of
the range. A population from the southwest end of the range is referred to this
species. COAHUILA: Cuesta de Büey, 5 km
NE of Mesón del Norte, 1450 m alt. (25º37.7’ N, 100º55.2’ W).
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) eulaliae Metcalf, 1983
Humboldtiana
eulaliae Metcalf,
1983b; Nautilus, 98: 145-147; figs. 1-4 (shell).- Thompson, 2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
46: 97.
TYPE LOCALITY.- A canyon on the
west side of the Sierra Santa Eulalia 1.3 km east of El Pinolero and 7.5 km
north and 1.5 km east of Penoles, Chihuahua; 1250 m alt. (27º12'00" N,
103º47'36" W). Holotype USNM
820297.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) fasciata Burch & Thompson, 1957
Humboldtiana
fasciata Burch
& Thompson, 1957; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., 590: 2-5; pl. I, figs. A1-A4, D
(shell); pl. II (genitalia); pl. III figs. a, c, d (genitalia); pl. V, figs. A,
B, a, b, f (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Minerál del
Monte, Hidalgo; 9,300 ft. alt. Holotype
UMMZ 191473.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- HIDALGO:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) fortis Pilsbry, 1940
Humboldtiana
fortis Pilsbry,
1940; Nautilus, 53: 140.- Pilsbry, 1948;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 193-195; pl. 12, figs. 9-11 (shell);
text-figs. 4 (genitalia).- Koestner
& Schneider, 1940; Nautilus, 54: 47-49.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cerro Potosí,
northwest of Galeana, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo León; 10,000-12,000 ft.
alt. Holotype ANSP 164045.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) globosa Burch & Thompson, 1957
Humboltiana
globosa Burch &
Thompson, 1957; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., 590: 5-6; pl. I, figs. C, F (shell); pl.
III, figs. B, b, f (genitalia); pl. V, figs. C, c, f (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Three miles east
of Perote, La Molina, Veracruz; 8,000 ft. alt.
Holotype UMMZ 191476.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) gradyi Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
gradyi Thompson
& Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 51-55; figs. 1-6 (shell),
7-9 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Area near the Dos
de Diciembre Microwave Tower, 2 km southeast, 5 km east of Dos de Diciembre,
Durango; 2080 m alt. (24º44.6’ N, 103º32.7’ W).
Holotype FLMNH 267738.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- DURANGO;
known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) humboldtiana (Pfeiffer, 1847)
Helix
humboldtiana
"Valenciennes" Pfeiffer, 1847, Symb. Hist., 2: 37; Zeit. f. Malak.:
152; pl. 92, figs. 18, 19 (shell).-
Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1847;
Abb.: III, pl. 6, fig. 7 (shell).-
Fischer, 1899; Jour. de Conchyl., 47: 297-304, figs. 1-3 (shell).
Helix
badiocincta
Weigmann, in Pfeiffer, 1845; Symbolae
Hist., 2: 37. (A nomum nudum, but described as equivalent to H. Humboldtiana.)
Helix
(Pomatia) humboldtiana
(Pfeiffer).- Fischer & Crosse, 1872;
Miss. Sci. Mex.: 240; pl. 11, figs. 1, 1a (shell).
Helix
(Lysinoe) humboldtiana
var. hegewishi von Martens, 1892;
Biol. Cent. Amer.: 147.
Humbolditana
humboldtiana
(Pfeiffer). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 173-176; pl. 12, fig. 4 (shell); pl. 13, fig. 3 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- México: Desierto
de Leónes, State of México. Pilsbry
(1927: 174) expresses doubt about this locality.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Unknown.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) inferior Pilsbry, 1948
Humboldtiana
montezuma inferior
Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 188; pl. 12, figs. 3-8
(shell), text-fig. 1b (genitalia).
Humboldtiana
inferior Pilsbry. Thompson, 2006; Nautilus, 120: 23.
TYPE LOCALITY.- About 3 km from
Hacienda Encinal, near Pablillo, on the trail to Alamar, Municipio de Galeana,
Nuevo León, 6,000 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP
164043.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) iversoni Thompson, 2006
Humboldtiana
iversoni Thompson,
2006; Nautilus, 120: 21-24; figs. 1-4 (shell), figs. 5-6 (reproductive
anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.— Nuevo Leon,
Highway 68 at km post 116, Las Noria (24°11.0’ N, 99°53.0’ W), 3 km south of
Anteojitos; 1800 m alt. Holotype FLMNH
130588.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) latizona Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
latizona Thompson
and Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43; 66; figs. 42-47, 35 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra San
Lorenzo, Mesitas Coloradas, 7.5 km
east of Pedriceña, 1850 m alt., Durango (25º04.4’ N, 103º41.5’ W). Holotype FLMNH 271009.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- DURANGO:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) malenae Metcalf, 1983
Humboildtiana
malenae Metcalf,
1983a; Nautilus, 97: 70-72; figs. 1-4.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Boundary area
between Municipios Ocampo and Muzquiz, on Coahuila State Highway 53, 6.2 km
slightly north of east from Tres Caminos (village) above head of north branch
of Cañada La Virgen, Coahuila; 1625 m alt. (28º43'55" N, 102º30'39"
W). Holotype USNM 784768.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COAHUILA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) montezuma Pilsbry, 1940
Humboldtiana
montezuma Pilsbry,
1940; Nautilus, 53: 140.- Pilsbry, 1948;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 105: 186-188; pl. 12, figs. 1, 2 (shell);
text-fig. 1a (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Summit of El
Infiernillo, a mountain near Pablillo, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo León; 10,000
ft. alt. Holotype ANSP 164062.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: recorded only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) nuevoleonis Pilsbry, 1927
Humboldtiana
humboldtiana nuevoleonis
Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 79: 176-177; pl. 12, figs. 1-3
(shell), pl. 13, fig. 2 (shell).
Humboldtiana
nuevoleonis.- Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
100: 190-193; pl. 14, figs. 2a, b (shell), text-fig. 3 (genitalia).
Lysinoe
humboldtiana bFLMNHfoniana (Pfeiffer).-
Pilsbry, 1903; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55: 762.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Diente, near
Monterey, Nuevo León. Holotype ANSP
85596.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COAHUILA:
San Lorenza Canyon, SE of Saltillo, 7200 ft. alt.; Carneros Pass, 8,300 ft.
alt.; Sierra Guadelupe, La Cuchilla.
NUEVO LEÓN: mountains around Monterrey; Alamar Canyon; 2-3 km from
Alamar on trail to Pablillo. SAN LUÍS
POTOSÍ: Catorce; Santana, 9700 ft. alt.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) pergranulosa Solem, 1955
Humboldtiana
pergranulosa Solem,
1955; Nautilus, 69: 42-43; pl. 3, figs. 1-3 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- San José Range of
Mountains in northeast Durango. Exact
location unspecified. Restricted to near
Jaralito (Solem, 1974). Holotype ANSP
194820.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- DURANGO:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) pilsbryi
Solem, 1954
Humboldtiana
pilsbryi Solem,
1954; Nautilus, 68: 8-9; pl. 1, figs. 3, 4 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- A humid
pine-oak-madroño-yucca forest, two miles by road west of Ojitos Mine, about 4
miles west of Chihue, a few miles east of China [? Chinas, 23.8667 N, 99.4667
W], northwest of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas; 8600 ft. Holotype UMMZ 181280.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
TAMAULIPAS: recorded only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) pinicola Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
pinicola Thompson
& Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 55-59; figs. 10-15 (shell),
figs. 16-18 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Southeast side of Cerro Puerto El Pino, limestone
outcrop in an oak-pine forest ca. 6 km by road southwest of Pinal de Amoles,
Querétaro; 2650 m alt. (21º07.5’ N, 99º38.2’ W). Holotype FLMNH 268441.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- QUERÉTARO:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) potosiana Pilsbry, 1927
Pomatia
humboldtiana
"Valenciennes". W. G. Binney,
1879; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 5: 336; pl. 2, figs. J (genitalia), k
(radula).- W. G. Binney, 1884; Ann. N.
Y. Acad. Sci.: 108; pl. 8, fig. A (radula).
Humboldtiana
potosiana Pilsbry,
1927; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 79: 177-179; text-figs. 7a (genitalia), 7k
(radula); pl. 12, fig. 6 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra de San
Miguelito, south of Cd. San Luís Potosí, San Luís Potosí. Holotype ANSP 31836.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SAN LUÍS
POTOSÍ: known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) queretaroana (Dall, 1897)
Helix
(Lysinoe) queretaroana
Dall, 1897; Nautilus, 11: 73.
Humboldtiana
queretaroana
(Dall). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 79: 177.- Solem, 1955;
Nautilus, 69: 41; pl. 3, figs. 4-6 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Pinal de Amoles,
Queretaro; 8,000-9,000 ft. Holotype USNM
134691.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- QUERÉTARO:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) riskindi Fullington & Zimmerman, 1977
Humboldtiana
riskindi Fullington
& Zimmerman, 1977; Veliger, 20: 134-136; figs. 1-3 (shell), fig. 7
(genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra de La
Gloria, Cañon Obscuro Chiquillo, 17 km east of Castaños, Coahuila; 1300 m alt.
(26º47'25" N, 101º17'45" W).
Holotype Dallas Museum Natural History 5357.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COAHUILA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) striata Burch & Thompson, 1957
Humboldtiana
striata Burch &
Thompson, 1957; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (590): 6-8; pl. I, figs. B, E
(shell); pl. IV (genitalia); pl. V, figs. D, d, e (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Paso Cortez,
Distrito Federal, México; 10,500 ft. alt. Holotype UMMZ 192247.
DISTRIBUTION
RECORDS.- MÉXICO, D. F.: known only from
the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) taylori Drake, 1951
Humboldtiana
taylori Drake,
1951; Rev. Soc. Malacol: 93-96; pl. 13, figs. 1-4 (shell).- Metcalf & Riskind, 1979; Veliger, 15:
179-181; figs. 1-5 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- From the surface
of cultural deposits of archeological site C96, Cañon Media Luna, Fronteriza
Range (Serranias del Burro), 16 miles south of Boquillas, northern
Coahuila. Corrected by Metcalf and
Riskind to a canyon on the west flank of the Sierra Maderas del Carmen,
Coahuila, in the vicinity of 29º00' N, 102º36' W. Holotype USNM 596939.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COAHUILA:
known only from the vicinity of the type locality: Sierra Madera del Carmen,
Municipio de Villa Ocampo, ca. 2 km NNW of Loomis Peak on an eastern exposure;
ca. 2500 m alt. (28º59'00" N, 102º33'00" W).
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) tescola Thompson, 1967
Humboldtiana
tescola Thompson,
1967; Nautilus, 81: 22-27; text figs. A, B (genitalia), figs. 1-4 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Knoll 15.7 miles
southwest of San Tiburcio, Zacatecas; 7600 ft. alt. Holotype FLMNH 19752.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- ZACATECAS:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) torrei Pilsbry, 1935
Humboldtiana
torrei Pilsbry,
1935; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 1; 2; pl. 1, fig. 10 (shell).- Thompson, 2006; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
46: 97; figs. 78-81.
TYPE LOCALITY.- San Antonio y
Santa Rosalia [now Ciudad Camargo; 27º40’ N, 105º10 W], nr. and south of Cd.
Chihuahua, Chihuahua. Holotype ANSP 162325.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
recorded only from the type locality.
Subgenus Oreades Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Oreades
Thompson &
Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 66.
TYPE SPECIES.- Humboldtiana porterae Thompson &
Brewer, 2000.
DISTRIBUTION.- Cañón de Garcia,
in southwestern Nuevo León, México.
TAXONOMY.- A single species.
Humboldtiana (Oreades) porterae Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
porterae Thompson
& Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 68-71; figs. 48-51 (shell),
52-54 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Nuevo León, Cañon
de Garcia, 7 km northeast of Villa de Garcia; 950 m alt. (25°50.5’ N, 100°31.5’
W). Holotype FLMNH 39938.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: known only from the type locality.
Subgenus Polyomphala Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Polyomphala Thompson & Brewer, 2000; Bull.
Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 71.
TYPE SPECIES.- Humboldtiana oreina Thompson &
Brewer, 2000.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Sierra La
Encantada, northwestern Coahuila, México.
TAXONOMY- Two species.
Humboldtiana (Polyomphala) oreina Thompson & Brewer, 2000
Humboldtiana
oreina Thompson
& Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist., 43: 71-75; figs. 55-59, 68
(shell), figs. 61-64 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra La
Encantada, La Ventana, Cañon de Boquilla, 27 km WNW of Hacienda La Babia, 91 km
NW of Melchor Musquíz, Coahuila; 1150 m alt. (28º39.1’ N, 102º19.5’ W). Holotype FLMNH 271518.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COAHUILA:
known only from the type locality.
Humboldtiana (Polyomphala) plana Metcalf & Riskind, 1976
Humboldtiana
plana Metcalf &
Riskind, 1976; Nautilus, 90: 99-100; figs. 1-3 (shell).- Thompson & Brewer, 2000; Bull. Fla. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 43: 75-77; figs. 60, 65-67 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra de Santa
Rosa near the summit of Rincón de Maria, in a sheltered mesic cleft with a
northern exposure in a massive limestone cliff, Mcpo. de Muzquíz,
Coahuila. Holotype Delaware Museum of
Natural History 106681.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COAHUILA:
known only from the type locality.
Family
HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE Pilsbry, 1939
Subfamily
HELMINTHOGLYPTINAE Pilsbry, 1939
Genus Cahuillus
Roth, 1996
Cahuillus Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 40.
TYPE SPECIES.- Sonorella
walcottiana Bartsch, 1903.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern California
and adjacent northwestern Mexico.
TAXONOMY.- Three species are
recognized. Two occur in México.
Cahuillus
greggi (Miller,
1967)
Sonorella greggi Miller, 1967; Nautilus, 80: 114-116;
pl. 6, figs. A-F (shell); pl. 7, figs. A-F (genitalia).
Cahuillus greggi (Miller).- Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 40.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra Purica,
Sonora, in igneous rock outcroppings in northeastern-facing ravine, on south
bank of large canyon which runs easterly from saddle between the two highest
peaks at the south end of the range (30º31' N, 109º45’ W); 6300 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP 310363.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Cahuillus
mexicanus (Pilsbry
& Lowe, 1934)
Microarionta rowelli mexicana Pilsbry & Lowe, 1934; Nautilus,
48: 67.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N.
Amer., I: 230.
Cahuillus mexicanus (Pilsbry & Lowe).- Roth, 1996: 40-41.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra San
Francisco, in a range of granite mountains just south of the trail to Punta
Peñasco, 12 miles south of Sonoyta, Sonora.
Holotype not cited.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
recorded only from the type locality.
Genus Eremarionta
Pilsbry, 1913
Eremarionta Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila.: 382.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 226-227.- Bequaert
& Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid SW: 106.-
Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 41.
TYPE SPECIES.- Micrarionta
desertorum Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1908.
DISTRIBUTION.- California and
Arizona in low mountain ranges in the Mohave, Colorado and Yuma Deserts; northwestern
Sonora and northeastern Baja California.
TAXONOMY.- Numerous species and
subspecies. Four species and one
subspecies occur in México.
Eremarionta
ellipsostoma (Pilsbry,
1894)
Epiphragmophora ellipsostoma Pilsbry, 1894; Nautilus, 8: 81-82.- Pilsbry, 1916; Nautilus, 29: 102; pl. 2, fig.
6 (shell).- Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 142.
TYPE LOCALITY.- “San Juan del
Norte, probably on the east coast of Lower California.” The original label accompanying the holotype
bears the inscription “...SE Nicaragua”, which was later scratched over in
pencil. Holotype ANSP 10745.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- The
geographic occurrence and the generic affinities of this species remain
unknown.
Eremarionta
indioensis (Yates,
1890)
Helix (Arionta) carpenteri variety
indioesis Yates, 1890; Nautilus, 4: 63.
Sonorella indioesis (Yates). Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47: 189;
pl. 33, fig. 1 (shell).
Micrarionta indioensis (Yates). Berry, 1922; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
74: 93.- Willett, 1930; Nautilus, 43:
115.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 246-247; fig.
125 c, f (shell).- Smith, Miller,
Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 138; fig. 35 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- On the south side of the canyon among granite talus,
Indio, Riverside County, California.
Holotype ANSP 62145.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Riverside
Co., California south to northwestern México.
BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: Cañon de Guadalupe, Sierra Juárez; canyon ca. 16
km S of Cañon de Guadalupe; E side of Sierra Juárez ca. 0.25 mi. above fork of
Cañon Carrizo.
Eremarionta
rowelli rowelli
(Newcomb, 1865)
Helix rowelli Newcomb, 1865; Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., 3: 181.
Sonorella rowelli (Newcomb). Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47: 119 (in
part).
Micrarionta rowelli (Newcomb). Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1923; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 75: 99; pl. 3, figs. 6-7.-
Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N.
Amer., I: 228-230; figs. 14 (shell).
Eremarionta rowelli rowelli (Newcomb). Bequaert & Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid SW:
106-107.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Tinajas Atlas, in Tinajas Atlas Mountains, 26 miles
south of Wellton and ca. 45 miles east of the Colorado River, Yuma Co., Arizona
(32º18' N, 114º03’ W); 1300 ft. alt. (Bequaert & Miller, 1973). Holotype Newcomb Collection 27517, Cornell
University.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Tinajas
Atlas Mountains and the Sierra Pinta in Yuma County, Arizona and in adjacent
México. SONORA: Sierra del Tuseral just
south of the International Border, 50 mi. SE of Wellton; Sierra Tinajas Atlas,
along Hwy. 2, 8.9 mi. W of El Puerto.
Eremarionta
rowelli bechteli
(Emerson & Jacobson, 1964)
Micrarionta (Eremarionta) rowelli
bechteli Emerson
& Jacobson, 1964; Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 16: Trans. San Diego
Soc. Nat. Hist., 13: 327-328; fig. 5 (shell).
Eremarionta rowelli bechteli (Emerson & Jacobson,
1964).- Smith, Miller, Christensen &
Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 139; fig.
35 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- In rock slide, Isla
San Esteben, Sonora. Holotype CAS 36377.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Eremarionta
ultima
(Pilsbry, 1916)
Sonorella ultima Pilsbry, 1916; Nautilus, 29:
101-102; pl. 2, figs. 5 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sinaloa. Holotype ANSP 58124.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Unknown.
Genus Greggelix
Miller, 1972
Greggelix Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85: 128.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix indigena Mabille,
1895.
DISTRIBUTION.- Endemic to Baja
California Sur.
TAXONOMY.- Three species are
recognized.
Greggelix
indigena (Mabille, 1895)
Helix indigena Mabille, 1895; Bull. Soc.
Philomath. Paris., 8th ser., 7: 64.
Helix digueti Mabille, 1895; Bull. Soc. Philomath.
Paris., 8th ser., 7: 65.
Greggelix indigena (Mabille).- Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85: 128-135; pl. 1,
figs. A-F (shell); text-fig. 1 (genitalia).-
Miller, 1981; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 94: 737; text-fig. 2B
(shell).- Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 140; text-fig. 39 (map).
Sonorella loheii lioderma Pilsbry, 1904; Nautilus, 18:
59.- Pilsbry, 1916; Nautilus, 29: 98-99;
pl. 2, fig. 7.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Above 800 m on
peaks of the Sierra, throughout most of the central part of the Peninsula of
California. Helix digueti: unspecified. Sonorella loheii lioderma: near Muleje [Mulegé], Baja
California Sur; holotype ANSP 58107.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA SUR: San José Comondú; 19 km SW San Miguel Comondú; Mesa de San
Alejo, NW of San Javier, Sierra de La Gigante, 800 m alt.; Arroyo de La
Purisima, 4.8 km E of San Isidro, along rd. to Caripolé; nr. Mulegé.
Greggelix
loehrii (Gabb,
1868)
Helix löhrii Gabb, 1867; Amer. Jour. Conch., 3:
236; pl. 16, fig. 2 (shell).
Sonorella lohrii (Gabb). Pilsbry, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
561.- Bartsch, 1904; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 47: 197; pl. 32, fig. 1.- Pilsbry,
1916; Nautilus, 29: 98; pl. 2, fig. 8.
Sonorella loehrii (Gabb). Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85: 128-129.
Greggelix loehrii (Gabb). Miller, 1981; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 94:
736-737; figs. 2C (shell), fig. 4 (genitalia).-
Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
47: 140-141; text-fig. 39 (map).
Helix steganella Mabille, 1895; Bull. Soc.
Philomath. Paris., 8th ser., 7: 64.
Helix invecta Mabille, 1895; Bull. Soc.
Philomath. Paris., 8th ser., 7: 65.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Helix löhrii: higher table lands from near Moleje
[Mulegé], Baja California Sur; holotype ANSP 58106. Helix steganella: above 800 m on peaks of the Sierra,
throughout most of the central part of the Peninsula of California. Helix invecta: Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA SUR: known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality and
San Javier.
Greggelix
punctata Miller,
1981
Greggelix punctata Miller, 1981; Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 94: 732-737; text-figs. 1 (shell), 3 (genitalia).- Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 141; text-fig. 39 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Gulf slope of
Sierra de la Gigante, southwest of Muleje [Mulegé], 2.9 miles south of El
Potrero, along trail from Pie de La Cueta to Guajademi, in rock slide about 1.5
miles from Pie de La Cueta, Baja California Sur; ca. 2450 m alt. Holotype USNM 792140.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA SUR: known only from the type locality.
Genus Helminthoglypta
Ancey, 1887
Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887; Conchologist’s
Exchange, 1: 76.- Pilsbry, 1895; Man.
Conch., 9: 193 (in part).- Pilsbry,
1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I:
63-69.- Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39:
32.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix
tudiculata Binney, 1843.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southwest Oregon
south to Baja California Norte.
TAXONOMY.- Three subgenera are
recognized (Roth, 1996). Two occur in
México.
Subgenus
Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887
DISTRIBUTION.- Southwest Oregon
south to Baja California Norte.
TAXONOMY.- Numerous species and
subspecies. One occurs in México.
Helminthoglypta
(Helminthoglypta) tudiculata (Binney, 1843)
Helix tudiculata Binney, 1843; Boston Jour. Nat.
Hist., 4: 360; pl. 20 (shell).
Helminthoglypta tudiculata (Binney). Berry, 1928; Jour. Ento. Zool. Pomona Coll.,
20: 79.- Ingles, 1935; Proc. Malac. Soc.
Lond., 21: 268; pl. 29, figs. 2-3 (genitalia).-
Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N.
Amer., I: 70-72; figs. 33a (shell).-
Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
47: 133.
Helix tudiculata var. binneyi Hemphill,
1890, in Binney; Terr. Moll, N. A., 3rd suppl.: 219.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix
tudiculata: San Diego, San
Diego County, California; types destroyed by fire. Helix tudiculata var. binneyi: mountains of San Diego County,
California; holotype CAS 2481.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Los
Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California, and adjacent México. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: nr. Bajia de Todos
Santos; Cañada Macho Güero; Punta Banda; San Antonia Canyon, ca. 8 km N of
Johnson Ranch; Johnson Ranch.
Subgenus
Charodotes Pilsbry, 1939
Charodotes Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 170-171.- Roth and Hochberg, 1992; Veliger, 35: 339-341.- Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 32.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix traskii
Newcomb, 1861.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern
California south to Baja California Norte.
TAXONOMY.- About 16 species are
recognized. Five species and one
subspecies occur in México.
Helminthoglypta
(Charodotes) coelata (Bartsch, 1916)
Epiphragmophora traskii coelata Bartsch, 1916; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 51: 617; pl. 115, figs. 7-9 (shell); pl. 117, fig. 10 (shell).
Helminthoglypta traski coelata (Bartsch). Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 175; figs. 85h (shell).
Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) coelata (Bartsch). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 133.
TYPE LOCALITY.- The Mesa, back of
Pacific Beach, San Diego County, California.
Holotype USNM 124747.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Along the
coast of San Diego County California south to extreme northwestern México. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: 11 km S of Tijuana.
Helminthoglypta
(Charodotes) hannai hannai Pilsbry, 1927
Helminthoglypta hannai Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., 16: 165-167; pl. 7, figs. 8-8b (shell); text-fig. 2 (genitalia).
Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) hannai hannai
Pilsbry. Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 133.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Pine Ridge, Isla
Guadalupe, Baja California Norte; 900 m alt.
Holotype CAS 2561.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from Isla Guadalupe.
Helminthoglypte
(Charodotes) hannai diodon Pilsbry, 1927
Helminthoglypte hannai diodon Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., 16: 167-168; pl. 10, figs. 23-26 (shell).
Helminthoglypte (Charodotes) hannai diodon
Pilsbry. Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 133.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Northeast
Anchorage, Isla Guadalupe, Baja California Norte. Holotype CAS 2562.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Helminthoglypta
(Charodotes) misiona Chase, 1937
Helminthoglypta traski misiona Chase, 1937; Nautilus, 51: 60; pl.
4, fig. 2 (shell).- Pilsbry, Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 174-175; figs.
47 (shell).
Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) misiona Chase. Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 134.
TYPE LOCALITY.- A rockslide near
the San Diego-Ensanada highway about 40 miles [64 km] south of Tijuana, Baja
California Norte. Holotype in LACM.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from the vicinity of the type locality.
BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: rockslide on S side of valley, seaward side of
bridge, La Misión Valley, along Tijuana-Ensanada highway; El Progresso,
Sandoval Ranch area, ca. 48 km S of Tijuana.
Helminthoglypta
(Charodotes) reederi Miller, 1981
Helminthoglypta reederi Miller, 1981; Veliger, 24: 46-48;
fig. 1 (genitalia), figs. 2-4 (shell).
Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) reederi Miller. Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 134; text-fig. 35 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra San Pedro
Mártír, in rock outcrops in a small canyon which crosses the road to the
astronomical observatory, at a distance of about 2.5 km below the observatory
housing area, Baja Califonia Norte; 2575 m alt.
Holotype CAS 19732.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: Known only from the type locality.
Helminthoglypta
(Charodotes) traski coronadoensis (Bartsch, 1916)
Epiphragmophora traskii
coronadoensis Bartsch,
1916; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 51: 617; pl. 115, figs. 10-12 (shell); pl. 117,
fig. 9 (shell).
Helminthoglypta traski coronadoensis
(Bartsch). Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 176-177; figs. 85g (shell).
Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) traskii
coronadoensis (Bartsch). Smith,
Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 134;
text-fig. 35 (shell).
Epiphragmophora traskii chrysoderma Berry, 1920; Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., 10: 55; pl. 4, figs. 2a-2c (shell).
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Epiphragmophora
traskii coronadoensis: Ilsa
Los Coronados, Baja California Norte; holotype in the USNM. Epiphragmophora traskii chrysoderma: South Coronado Island, among loose
talus on higher portion of south end; holotype in the CAS.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from Isla Los Coronados, and South Coronado
Island.
Genus Herpeteros
Berry, 1947
Herpeteros, Berry, 1947; Leaflets Malac., 1:
11-12.- Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85:
134. Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 33.
TYPE SPECIES.- Micrarionta (Eremarionta)
inglesiana Berry, 1928.
DISTRIBUTION.- Baja California
Norte and Baja California Sur.
TAXONOMY.- Five species are placed
in the genus. Only two are known
anatomically. The taxonomic placements
of three are provisional.
Herpeteros
chacei (Willett,
1940)
Micrarionta (Eremarionta) chacei Willett,
1940; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci., 39: 81-82; pl. 12.
Sonorelix (Herpeteros) chacei
(Willett). Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 139; text-fig. 38 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Lower end of El
Tigre Canyon, about 9 miles [14.4 km] north of Ensanada, Baja California
Norte.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the type locality.
Herpeteros
evermanni
(Pilsbry, 1927)
Micrarionta evermanni Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., 4th ser., 14:182-183; pl. 12, figs. 4-6 (shell).- Bequaert & Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid SW:
110.
Sonorelix (Herpeteros) evermanni (Pilsbry). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 140; text-fig. 38
(map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Turtle Bay [Bajia
Tortugas], Baja California Norte.
Holotype CAS 2618.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the type locality.
Herpeteros
inglesiana
(Berry, 1928)
Micrarionta (Eremarionta) inglesiana
Berry, 1928; Jour. Ent. Zool. Pomona Coll., 20: 76-79; pl. 2, figs. 10-18.
Sonorelix (Herpeteros) inglesiana
(Berry). Berry, 1947; Leaflets Malacol.,
1: 11-12.- Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85:
134.- Smith, Miller, Christensen &
Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 139; text-fig. 38 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- On moist north
slope of the Red Rock [Peña Colorado] under rocks, about 3 miles [4.8 km] from
the sea and 0.5 miles [0.8 km] from Hamilton Ranch, west of Santo Domingo, Baja
California Norte. Holotype in the SBMNH.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Herpeteros
merrilli (Bartsch,
1904)
Sonorella merrilli Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
47: 192-193; pl. 32, figs. 5 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1916; Nautilus, 29: 102.
Sonorelix (Herpeteros) merrilli
(Bartsch). Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 140; text-fig. 38 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Below San
Quintin, Baja California Norte. Holotype
USNM 125260.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the type locality.
Herpeteros
peninsularis (Pilsbry,
1916)
Sonorella peninsularis Pilsbry, 1916; Nautilus, 29:
100-101; pl. 2, fig. 4 (shell).
Micrarionta peninsularis (Pilsbry). Hanna, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 12:
503-504; pl. 8, figs. 14-15; pl. 11, fig. 1 (shell).
Sonorelix (Herpeteros) peninsularis (Pilsbry). Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85: 134; text-fig. 3
(genitalia).- Smith, Miller, Christensen
& Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 140; text-fig. 38 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- “Trinidad”, on
the west coast near [60 km south of] San Borga [Borja], Baja Califonia Norte
(Hanna, 1927: 503). Holotype ANSP 58127.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Widely
distributed in the south half of BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE, and extreme northern
BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR.
Genus Martirelix
Miller, 1982
Martirelix Miller, 1982; Veliger, 24:
345.- Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 33.
TYPE SPECIES.- Gregghelix
babrakzaii Miller, 1982.
DISTRIBUTION.- Known only from
Baja California Norte.
TAXONOMY.- Two species are
recognized.
Martirelix
babrakzaii (Miller,
1982)
Greggelix babrakzaii Miller, 1982; Veliger, 24: 345-348;
figs. 1-2 (genitalia), figs. 3-5 (shell).-
Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
47: 141; text-fig. 39 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cañon Diablito,
about 1 km up canyon from its mouth, east slope of the Sierra San Pedro Martir,
Baja California Norte; 700 m alt. (31º05.1 N, 115º23.5’ W). Holotype CAS 025103.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Martirelix
huertai (Miller
and Roth, 1990)
Greggelix huertai Miller and Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., 47: 102-104; figs. 5-7 (shell), text-figs. 8 (genitalia), 39 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cerro de La Mina
de San José, in rock piles on north side of entrance to the mine; Baja
California Norte; 1300 m alt. (28º42.5' N, 113º34.7' W). Holotype SBMNH 35113.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the type locality.
Genus Micrarionta
Ancey, 1880
Micrarionta Ancey, 1880; Le Naturaliste, 1:
334.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 201-204.- Pearce, 1990; Malac. Rev., 23: 1-37.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix facta Newcomb,
1864.
DISTRIBUTION.- Islands off
southern California; Guadalupe Island, Baja California Norte.
/
TAXONOMY.- Eleven species are
recognized. One occurs in México.
Micrarionta
guadalupiana (Dall,
1898)
Epiphragmophora (Micrarionata)
guadelupiana Dall, in Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1898; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.: 68-70; pl. 1, fig. 11 (genitalia).- Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
101-102; pl. 8, figs. 14, 15.
Micrarionta guadalupiana (Dall). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 17:
163-165; pl. 8, figs. 1-1a, 3-3a (genitalia), 3b (jaw); text-figs. 1
(shell). (Name ammended to guadalupiana.) Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 134.-
Pearce, 1990; Malac. Rev., 23: 7.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Isla Guadalupe,
Baja California Norte. Holotype USNM
129999.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: confined to Isla Guadalupe.
Genus Xerarionta
Pilsbry, 1913
Xerarionta Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.: 382.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 214.- Miller, 1981; Veliger, 24: 46.
TYPE SPECIES.- Arionta veitchi
Tryon, 1866 (= Helix canescens Adams and Reeve, 1848).
DISTRIBUTION.- Southwestern
California south to Baja California Sur, México.
TAXONOMY.- Two subgenera are
recognized (Roth, 1996: 32).
Subgenus
Xerarionta Pilsbry, 1913
DISTRIBUTION.- Southwestern
California south to Baja California Sur, México.
TAXONOMY.- Seven species and four
subspecies. Three species and three
subspecies occur in México.
Xerarionta
(Xerarionta) areolata (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix areolata “Sowerby” Pfeiffer, 1845; Zeitschr.
für Malak., 2: 145.- Fischer and Crosse,
1872; Miss. Sci. Mex., I: 262; pl. 11, fig. 4 (shell).
Epiphragmophora (Micrarionta) areolata
(Sowerby). Pilsbry, 1898; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila.: 69, 70; pl. 1, figs. 5-6 (genitalia).
Epiphragmophora areolata (Sowerby). Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
100.
Micrarionta areolata (‘Sowerby’ Pfeiffer). Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
390-391; pl. 16, figs. 25-33 (shell); text-figs. 2a-d (shell).- Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th
ser., 16: 180-182; pl. 6, fig. 10 (pallial organs); pl. 9, figs. 1-1b
(genitalia); pl. 11, figs. 1-5 (shell). -
Miller, 1972; Nautilus, 85: 134; pl. 2, fig. 4 (genitalia).
Xerarionta areolata (Pfeiffer, 1845). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 136; fig. 36 (map).
Helix areolata var.
albida Hemphill,
1890; Cat. N. A. shells. (Nomum nudum)
Helix areolata var. examinata Cooper, 1892;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 3: 216; pl. 14, fig. 7.
Micrarionta areolata examinata Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.: 392.
Micrarionta areolata var. arida Pilsbry, 1913;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 391; pl. 16, figs. 39-41 (shell).- H. B. Baker, 1963; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 115: 248.
Micarionta areolata var. scammoni Pilsbry, 1913;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 392; pl. 16, figs. 34-36.- H. B. Baker, 1963; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 114: 249.
Micrarionta aspersa var. aspersa Pilsbry, 1913;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 392; pl. 16, figs. 37-38 (shell).- H. B. Baker, 1963; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 115: 248.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix areolata: California; restricted
to Magdalena Bay, Baja Califonia Sur (Pilsbry, 1913: 319). Helix areolata var. examinata: Espirito Santo Island, Baja
California Sur. Micrarionta areolata var.
arida: Magdalena Bay, Baja
California Sur; lectotype ANSP 76208a (H. B. Baker, 1963: 249). Micarionta areolata var. scammoni: Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur;
lectotype ANSP 10302a (H. B. Baker, 1963: 249).
Micrarionta aspersa var. aspersa: Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur; lectotype ANSP 10265a (H.
B. Baker, 1963: 249).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA SUR: Smith, et al (1990:
136) list numerous localities for extant populations along the Pacific
Coast. Known as a fossil from central
and eastern regions.
Xerarionta
(Xerarionta) levis levis (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Helix levis Pfeiffer, 1845; Zeitschr. f.
Malak., 2: 152. Syst. Conch. Cab., Helix:
249; pl. 36, fig. 17 (type).
Epiphragmophora levis (Pfeiffer). Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
100.
Micrarionta levis (Pfeiffer). Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
387-389; pl. 16, figs. 42-45, 48-52 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th ser., 16: 179-180.
Xerarionta levis levis (Pfeiffer). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 136-138; text-fig. 37 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- California;
restricted to Puerto San Bartolomé, Baja California Norte (Pilsbry, 1919: 288).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE; known from numerous localities along the Pacific Coast.
Xerarionta
(Xerarionta) levis canescens (Adams and Reeve, 1848)
Helix canescens Adams and Reeve, 1848; Voy.
Samarang: 62; pl. 16, figs. 10 (shell).
Micrarionta veatchii canescens (Adams and Reeve). Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
386-387; text-fig. 1 (shell).
Micrarionta canescens (Adams and Reeve). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 16:
178; pl. 11, figs. 6-10 (shell).
Xerarionta levis canescens (Adams and Reeve). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 138; fig. 37 (map).
Helix veitchii ‘Newcomb’ Tryon, 1866; Amer. Jour.
Conch., 2: 316; pl. 22, fig. 19 (shell).- Tryon, 1867; Amer. Jour. Conch., 3:
162.- Stearns, 1867; Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., 3: 328.
Epiphragmophora (Miscarionta) veitchii
(Newcomb). Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1898;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 69; pl. 1, figs. 2-3 (genitalia).
Micrarionta veatchii (‘Newc.’ Tryon). Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
384-386; pl. 15, figs. 1-16 (shell).
Micrarionta canescens veatchii (‘Newc.’ Tryon). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th
ser., 16: 178-179; pl. 11, figs. 11-15 (shell).
Helix areolata var.
cedroensis Hemphill,
1890; Cat. N. A. shells. (A nomem
nudum.)
Epiphragmophora leucanthea Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila.: 99; pl. 8, figs. 18, 20 (shell).
Micrarionta levis globosa Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.: 389; pl. 16, figs. 46-47 (shell).-
H. B. Baker, 1963; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 115: 248.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix
canescens: “Africa”. Helix veitchii: “Cerros” Island, Baja California Norte. Epiphragmophora leucanthea: east side of “Cerros” Island, Baja
California Norte; syntypes USNM 107627. Micrarionta
levis globosa: Cerdo
Island, Baja California Norte; lectotype ANSP 10304 (H. B. Baker, 1963: 248).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: numerous localities on Isla Cedros. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Isla Navidad.
Xerarionta
(Xerarionta) levis crassula (Dall, 1900)
Epiphragmophora crassula Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila.: 100-101; pl. 8, fig. 3 (shell).
Micrarionta levis crassula (Dall). Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
389; pl. 16, figs. 49, 50 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th ser., 16: 180; pl. 10, figs.
17-22.
Xerarionta levis crassula (Dall). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc.. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 138; text-fig. 37 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Isla Navidad,
Baja California Sur. Holotype in the
USNM.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA CALIFORNIA
SUR: living colonies are known only from Isla Navidad; sub-fossil on Isla San
Geronimo.
Xerarionta
(Xerarionta) pandorae (Forbes, 1850)
Helix pandorae Forbes, 1850; Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond.: 55; pl. 9, figs. 3-3b (shell).
Epiphragmophora pandorae (Forbes). Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
101.
Micrarionta pandorae (Forbes). Pilsbry, 1913; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
382-384; pl. 15, figs. 17-23 (shell).-
Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 16: 179; pl. 10, figs. 1-16.
Xerarionta pandorae (Forbes). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 138; text-fig. 37 (map).
Helix demascensis Gould, 1856; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 6: 11.- Johnson, 1964; Bull. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 239: 65; pl. 36, fig. 2 (shell).
Epiphragmophora (Micrarionta) pandorae
bonitosensis Pilsbry, 1898; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 70; pl. 1, figs.
4-5 (genitalia).- Pilsbry, 1913; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 384; pl. 15, fig. 17.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Helix pandorae: unknown. Helix demascensis: desert region east of California;
lectotype Cornell Univ. Paleo. Coll. 27244.
Epiphragmophora (Micrarionta) pandorae bonitosensis: Las Bonitos Island, off Lower
California; holotype ANSP 66092a.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: Isla San Benito.
Subgenus
Plesarionta Pilsbry, 1939
Plesarionta Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 212.- Miller, 1981; Veliger, 24: 46.- Roth, 1996; Veliger, 39: 32.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix
stearnsiana Gabb, 1867.
DISTRIBUTION.- Pacific coastal
zone of Baja California Norte and southern California.
TAXONOMY.- Two species are
recognized.
Xerarionta
(Plesarionta) orcutti (Dall, 1900)
Epiphragmophora orcutti Dall, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila.: 104-105; pl. 8, fig. 19 (shell).
Epiphragmophora traski tularensis ‘Hemphill’ Pilsbry, 1895; Nautilus,
9: 82-83. (A nomum nudum; non
Arionta tudiculata tularensis Hemphill, 1892.)
Epiphragmophora traski tularica Bartsch, 1916; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 51: 615; pl. 116, figs. 1-3.
Plesarionta orcutti (Dall). Roth, 1982; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
81: 101-105; figs. 1-6.- Smith, Miller,
Christensen & Roth, 1990; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.; 47: 134-135; fig. 36
(map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Rosario Mesas,
Baja California Norte. Holotype in the USNM.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE: known only from the immediate vicinity of the type
locality. BAJA CALIFONIA NORTE: mesa about
2.4 km N of El Rosario; El Rosario, 30 m alt.
Xerarionta
(Plesarionta) stearnsiana (Gabb, 1868)
Helix stearnsiana Gabb, 1867; Amer. Jour. Conch., 3:
235; pl. 16, fig. 1 (shell).- Binney,
1969; Land & Fr. W. Sh. N. Amer., 1: 177; fig. 310 (shell).- Fischer and Crosse, 1872; Miss. Sci. Mex., 1:
248; pl. 11, figs. 5-5a (shell).
Epiphragmophora (Micrarionta) stearnsiana
(Gabb). Pilsbry, 1898; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.: 70; pl. 1, figs. 8-10 (genitalia).
Micrarionta stearnsiana (Gabb). Hanna, 1925;
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 14: 247.-
Berry, 1928; Jour. Entom. Zool. Pomona Coll., 20: 75-76; pl. 1, figs.
1-9 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1927; Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., 16: 178.- Pilsbry,
1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I:
212-213; figs. 107a-f (shell), 102A (genitalia).
Plesarionta stearnsiana (Gabb). Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990;
Calif. Acad. Sci., 47: 135-136; fig. 36 (map).
TYPE LOCALITY.- San Tomás to a
little beyond [El] Rosario, Baja California Norte. Lectotype ANSP 10831 (Pilsbry, 1939).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- San Diego
Co., California south to Baja California Norte.
BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: Numerous localities along Pacific Coast south to
El Rosario (Smith, Miller, Christensen & Roth, 1990); La Zonja, Sierra San
Pedro Martír.
Subfamily
SONORELLINAE Pilsbry, 1939
Genus Sonorella
Pilsbry, 1900
Sonorella Pilsbry, 1900; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila.: 556.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 267-273.- Bequaert & Miller, 1973: 110-112.
Masculus Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 377.
Sonoranax Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 391.
TYPE SPECIES.- Sonorella: Epiphragmophora hachitana Dall,
1895. Masculus: Sonorella viridis Pilsbry, 1905. Sonoranax:
Sonorella dalli Bartsch, 1904).
DISTRIBUTION.- Arid southwestern
United States in Arizona, New México and Texas south to Chihuahua and Sonora,
México.
TAXONOMY.- Two subgenera are
recognized, Sonorella s. s. and Sonoranax (Roth, 1996: 32). Only the former occurs in México. Twenty species and one subspecies are
reported from Mexico.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) burgessi Naranjo-Garcia, 1988
Sonorella burgessi Naranjo-Garcia, 1988; Veliger, 31:
80-82; fig. 1 (shell), fig. 2 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra el Viejo,
at base of northeast facing limestone cliff on ridge southwest of canyon
junction where road from west turns north, ca. 7 km east of El Plomito, Sonora;
640 m alt. (30º19’ N 112º20’ W).
Holotype SBMNH 34933.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) cananea Naranjo-Garcia, 1988
Sonorella cananea Naranjo-Garcia, 1988; S. W. Nat.,
33: 81-84; figs. 1 (shell), 2 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra Elenita,
in igneous rock slide along right bank of creek approximately 0.1 mi. (0.16 km)
southeast of Highway 2, along arroyo "El Quince", which crosses
Highway 2 at 2.1 mi. (approximately 3.38 km) west of Puerto Cananea, a pass
approximately 8 mi. (approximately 12.88 km) west of Cananea, Sonora (31º00.5'
N, 110º24.0' W).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known from the Sierra Elenita and two localities in the Sierra Mariquita. SONORA: Sierra Mariquita, 31º03.5' N,
110º02.0' W and 31º02.0' N, 110º22.4' W.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) goldmani Bartsch, 1904
Sonorella goldmani Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
47: 192; pl. 32, fig. 6.- Bequaert &
Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid SW: 125.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mountains near Lake
Santa Maria, Chihuahua. Holotype: USNM
174933.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) hachitana hachitana (Dall, 1895)
Epiphragmophora hachitana Dall, 1895; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
18: 2.- Dall, 1896; Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 19: 338-339 (in part).
Sonorella hachitana (Dall). Pilsbry, 1901; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
556.- Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 47: 190; pl. 31, fig. 2 (shell); pl. 29 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1905; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.:
257 (in part).- Pilsbry & Ferriss,
1915; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 327; pl. 5, figs. 4-4b (shell); text-fig. 2
(genitalia).- Pilsbry & Ferriss,
1923; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 65.-
Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N.
Amer., I: 273-275; figs. 143 (shell), 144 (genitalia).- Bequaert & Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid SW:
125.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Big Hatchet Peak,
Big Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo Co., New México.
Holotype USNM 130004.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from the Big Hatchet Mountains, in New
México. Bequaret and Miller (1973: 125)
report this species from Sonora without giving a specific locality. Presumably this is also in the Sierra Hacheta
Grande. Other subspecies occur in New
México and Texas.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) madreana Naranjo-Garcia, 1989
Sonorella madreana Naranjo-Garcia, 1989; Veliger, 32:
87; fig. 4A (shell), fig. 5 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra Las
Minitas, ca. 2 km southeast of Rancho Jucaral buildings, Sonora; 1400 m alt.
(31º11.1’ N, 109º04.7’ W). Holotype
SBMNH 34952.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) magdalenensis (Stearns, 1890)
Helix magdalenensis Stearns, 1890; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 13: 207-208; pl. 15, figs. 7, 11, 13 (shell).
Sonorella magdalenensis (Stearns). Bequaert & Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid. SW:
121-122.
Sonorella tumamocensis Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 401; pl. 10, figs. 4-4b (shell), pl. 13, figs. 5, 8
(genitalia).- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 344-345; fig.
214 (shell).
Sonorella sitiens arida Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 409; pl. 8, figs. 6-6b (shell).
Sonorella arida Pilsbry &
Ferriss.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 341-344; figs.
209-210, 212-213 (shell), 211 (genitalia).
Sonorella hinkleyi Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919;
Nautilus, 33: 19.- Pilsbry &
Ferriss, 1923; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 75: 87; pl. 3, figs. 1, 4 (shell);
pl. 8, fig. 7 (genitalia).
Sonorella hinkleyi fraterna Ferriss, 1919; Nautilus, 33: 38 (A nomum
nudum).
Sonorella hinkleyi tumacacori Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919;
Nautilus, 33: 19.
Sonorella cayetanensis Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919;
Nautilus, 33: 19.
Sonorella hinkleyi cayetanensis Pilsbry & Ferriss. Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1923; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 75: pl. 3, fig. 5 (shell); text-fig. 9 (genitalia).
Sonorella linearis Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1923; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 75: 68; pl. 1, fig. 12 (shell).
Sonorella tumamocensis linearis Pilsbry &
Ferriss. Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 345-346; figs.
215 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix
magdalenensisi: restricted
to Sierra Magdalena, ca. 1 mi. north of Magdalena; 3650 ft. alt. (Bequaert
& Miller, 1973); holotype USNM. Sonorella
tumamocensis: Tumamoc Hill
at west city limits of Tucson, Arizona; 2750 ft. alt.; holotype ANSP 112245.
Sonorella sitiens arida:
south end of Cerro Colorado, ca. 2 mi. from Cerro Colorado Mine, Pima
County, Arizona; holotype ANSP 112160. Sonorella
hinkleyi: San Cayetana
Mountains on southern most peak [Mt. Shibell], 2 mi. above Calabasa, Santa Cruz
County, Arizona; holotype ANSP 43735. Sonorella
cayetanensis: from near the top to rather low on the highest peak of the
Cayetano Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, fide Pilsbry, 1939; holotype
ANSP 43737. Sonorella linearis:
North end of Santa Rita Mountains on west side of saddle overlooking Helvetia,
Pima County, Arizona; holotype ANSP 130996.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
Southeastern Arizona south to 29º25' N.
SONORA: Sierra Pajaritos ca. 24 mi. by rd. E of Ures, 3000 ft. alt.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) mearnsi Bartsch, 1904
Sonorella mearnsi Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
47: 194-195; pl. 32, fig. 2 (shell).-
Bequaert & Miller, 1973; Moll. Arid SW: 125.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra San José,
Sonora, about four miles south of the Arizona border and a few miles east of
the Rio San Pedro. Holotype USNM 130003.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) mormonorum mormonorum Pilsbry, 1948
Sonorella mormonorum Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 271 (A nomum
nudum.).- Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 196-198; pl. 13, fig. 6 (shell); text fig. 5A
(genitalia).- Miller, 1967; Nautilus,
81: 3; text-fig. C (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Canyon on the Rio
Piedras Verdes 3 1/2 miles above Colonia Juaraz, in talus of cliffs on south
side of River, Chihuahua; 5200 ft. alt.
Holotype ANSP 166160.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) mormonorum huasabensis Miller, 1967
Sonorella mormonum huasabensis Miller, 1967; Nautilus, 81: 2-3; pl.
1, figs. a-c (shell); text-figs. A, B, F (genitalia).
.
TYPE LOCALITY.- In northwest
facing rockslides about five miles east of Huasabas, along the road from
Huasabas to Bavispe, Sonora; ca. 3600 ft. alt.
Holotype ANSP 312763.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) nelsoni Bartsch, 1904
Sonorella nelsoni Bartsch, 1904; Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
47: 191-192; pl. 31, fig. 3 (shell).-
Bequaert & Miller, 1973: Moll. Arid SW: 125.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mountains near
Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua. Holotype
USNM 174934.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) nixoni Miller, 1967
Sonorella nixoni Miller, 1967; Nautilus, 80: 116-117;
pl. 6, figs. G-I (shell); pl. 7, figs. G-I (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- La Angustura,
Sonora, in rocks just south of the main road at the village, overlooking the
west rim of La Angustura Dam on the Rio Bavispe, Sonora; 3100 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP 310361.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from the vicinity of the type locality.
SONORA: rockslide on mountain south of road from El Tajo to La Anustura,
8.4 mi. from El Tajo, 4600 ft. alt;
Pilares de Nacozari, ca. 1 mi. E of Nacozari; 4200 ft. alt.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) pennelli Pilsbry, 1948
Sonorella pennelli Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 271 (A nomum
nudum).- Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 195-196; pl. 13, fig. 5 (shell); text-fig. 5B
(genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra de La
Breña, a steep rock slide above the road from Pearson [Mata Ortiz] to Pacheco,
Chihuahua; 7000 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP
164081.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
REMARKS.- Named for Dr. Francis
W. Pennell.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) perhirsuta Miller, 1967
Sonorella perhirsuta Miller, 1967; Nautilus, 81: 4-6; pl.
1, figs. D-F (shell); text-figs. D, E, H (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- In granite rock
piles in a ravine on the north-east face of the high peak, in mountains between
Moctezuma and Huasabas, about 2 miles north of the Moctezuma-Huasabas road at a
point 16.6 road miles east of Moctezuma, Sonora; 4650 ft. alt. Holotype ANSP 312765.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) pratti Naranjo-Garcia, 1988
Sonorella pratti Naranjo-Garcia, 1988; Veliger, 31:
82-83; figs. 3 (shell), 4 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra El Viejo,
in north-facing limestone rockpile at base of cliffs, at mouth of large central
canyon, running westerly, at point 9.5 road miles (15.2 km) north and 4.5 road
miles (7.2 km) east of El Plomito, Sonora (30º20’ N, 112º20.8’ W); 500 m
alt. Holotype SBMNH 34936.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) rothi Naranjo-Garcia, 1988
Sonorella rothi Naranjo-Garcia, 1988; Veliger, 31:
83-84; fig. 5 (shell), fig. 6 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Northwest end of
Sierra Pico, in igneous rocks at base of cliffs, along road from El Plomito to
Puerto Libertad, 14.9 miles (23.8 km) from El Plomito, Sonora; 365 m alt.
(30º00.5’ N, 112º27’ N). Holotype SBMNH 34934.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) sasabe Naranjo-Garcia, 1989
Sonorella sasabe Naranjo-Garcia, 1989; Veliger, 32:
86-87; figs. 1B (shell), 3 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra Pozo
Verde, on east flank of Cerro El Sasabe, 4 km south of Sasabe on road to Altar,
Sonora; 1050 m alt. (31º26.3’ N, 111º33.8’ W).
Holotype SBMNH 34954.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA: known
only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) seri Naranjo-Garcia, 1988
Sonorella seri Naranjo-Garcia, 1988; Veliger, 31:
84-85; fig. 7 (shell), fig. 8 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra El Viejo,
in north-facing limestone piles at north end of range, Sonora; 550 m alt.
(30º24.1 N, 112º22.5 W). Holotype SBMNH
34935.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) sitiens montezuma Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919
Sonorella sitiens montezuma Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919;
Nautilus, 33: 20.- Pilsbry &
Ferriss, 1923; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 75: 79; pl. 2, fig. 8; pl. 6, fig.
10.- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 351-352; fig.
221 (genitalia), fig. 222 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- South end of Huachuca
Mountains in a deep double gulch west of last rock fronted mountain on south
side of Montezuma Canyon, Cochis Co., Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Huachuca
Mountains and Patagonia Mountains in southern Arizona, and in México. SONORA:
Sierra Pajaritos, 25 mi. E of Ures (29º25' N, 110º10' W), 3300 ft. alt.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) torreonica Naranjo-Garcia, 1989
Sonorella torreonica Naranjo-Garcia, 1989; Veliger, 32:
85-86; fig. 1A (shell), fig. 2 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra El Torreón
17 road miles (27 km) southeast of Magdalena, on road to Cucurpe, Sonora; 1050
m alt. (30º27.8’ N, 110º48.5’ W).
Holotype SBMNH 34951.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) walkeri walkeri Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915
Sonorella walkeri Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915; Proc.
Acad Nat. Sci. Phila.: 395; pl. 9, figs. 4-4b (shell).- Pilsbry, 1939; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 286-289; fig. 156 (shell), fig. 157 (1-3,
5-5a) (genitalia).
Sonorella walkeri walkeri Pilsbry. Bequaert & Miller, 1973: Moll. Arid SW:
115.
Sonorella montana Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919;
Nautilus, 33: 19.
Sonorella walkeri montana Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1923; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 75: 68; pl. 1, fig. 11 (shell); text-fig. 1
(genitalia).
Sonorella walkeri aguacalientensis Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1923; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 75: 68.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sonorella
walkeri: Walnut Branch, Agua Caliente Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Santa
Cruz County, Arizona; holotype ANSP 112164.
Sonorella montana: Montana Mine, Montana Peak, in Bear Canyon,
Pajarito Mountains, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona; holotype ANSP 43724.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known from the Santa Rita Mountains and the Pajarito Mountains, which extend
across the International Border from Arizona into Sonora.
Sonorella
(Sonorella) walteri Naranjo-Garcia, 1989
Sonorella walteri Naranjo-Garcia, 1989; Veliger, 32:
87-88; fig. 4B (shell), fig. 6 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cerro Gallardo,
in north facing rheolite rock piles below cliffs, ca. 1.5 km south of Rancho
Gallardo buildings, Sonora; 1500 m alt. (31º17.8’ N, 109º23.4’ W). Holotype SBMNH 34953.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SONORA:
known only from the type locality.
DISTRIBUTION.- The Neotropical
realm. Within the study area the family
is widely distributed from Panama north to Tamaulipas, Mexico on the east
coast, and to Sonora on the west coast.
TAXONOMY.- The Xanthonichidae
includes the following ten Mexican and Central American genera. Nordsieck, 1997 and Schileyko, 1998, proposed
various subfamilies and tribes to accommodate the genera. The phylogeny and suprageneric taxonomy of
the Middle American helicids is controversial, because anatomical data are not
available for many of the species, and the proposed classifications do not
allow for convergent evolution within reproductive anatomies, as surely has
happened in several instances. The
classification of the Xanthonichidae requires further investigations (Miller
& Naranjo-Garcia, 1991).
Subfamily
Leptariontinae Nordsieck, 1997
Genus Leptarionta Fischer & Crosse, 1872
Leptarionta Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
253.- Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad, Nat.
Sci. Phila., 79: 136-137.- Zilch, 1960:
651.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix bicincta Pfeiffer, 1841.
DISTRIBUTION.- Central Veracruz
south to Chiapas, Tabasco, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and
Colombia.
TAXONOMY.- Eight species and six
subspecies are recognized. Leptarionta maxwillsmithi is included
because it occurs in an immediate adjacent region in Colombia. A Peruvian species, Leptarionta woytkowskii Weyrauch, 1960, appears to be an Helicina.
Leptarionta adela
(Angas, 1878)
Helix
adela Angas, 1878;
Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 72; pl. 5, figs. 8-10 (shell).
Helix (Oxychona) adela
Angas. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 158.- Von Martens, 1901; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 625.
Oxychona
adela (Angas,
1878). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9:
189.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Navarro, [Prov.
Cartago], Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COASTA
RICA, Prov. Cartago: Azahar, 1500 m
alt. (Von Martens, 1901).
Leptarionta altispira
(Von Martens, 1892)
Helix (Oxychona) altispira Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 156-157; pl. 9, figs. 10, 10a, 10b (shell).
Oxychona
altispira (Von
Martens, 1892). Pilsbry, 1894; Man.
Conch., 9: 191.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Honduras.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- HONDURAS:
known only from the type locality.
Leptarionta bicincta
(Pfeiffer, 1941)
Helix
bicincta Pfeiffer,
1841; Symbolae Hist. Helic., 1: 38.
Helix
(Leptarionata) bicincta Pfeiffer. Fischer
& Crosse, 1872: 253; pl. 10, figs. 7, 7a (shell).- Tryon, 1888; Man. Conch., 4: 75-76; pl. 19,
fig. 78 (shell).
Corasia
bicincta (Pfeiffer). Strebel, 1880: 51; pl. 13, fig. 17 (juvenile
shell).
Helix
(Oxychona) bicincta (Pfeiffer). Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 157.-
Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 191.
Leptarionta
bicincta (Pfeiffer,
1941). Zilch, 1960: 651; fig. 2279
(shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA:
Juquila; Panistlahuaca (Von Martens, 1892).
VERACRUZ: Soledad between Cordoba and Orizaba (Von Martens, 1892).
Leptarionta
costaricensis (Roth, 1856)
Helix
costaricensis Roth,
in Pfeiffer, 1856; Novitates
Conchologicae, 1: 78; pl. 21, figs. 15-17.
Helix
boucardi Angas,
1878; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 72; pl. 5, figs. 5-7 (shell).- Angas, 1879; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 476.
Helix
costaricensis var. steiniana Ancey, 1890; Bull. Soc. Malac.
France, 7: 155.
Helix
costaricensis var. virginea Ancey, 1890; Bull. Soc. Malac.
France, 7: 156.
Helix
(Oxychona) costaricensis (Roth). Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5: 134-135; pl.
18, figs. 23-25; pl. 60, figs. 1-9 (shell).-
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 158.- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 626.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. Cartago: Navarro; Cachí;
Valle de Tuís (Von Martens, 1901). Prov. Limon: Cabecar (Von Martens,
1892); Puente de Tierra, on the road to Sarapiqui; Santa Clara, 250 m alt.;
between Mokri and Ukatschka; between Mokri and Uiskar; Alta Talamanca (Von
Martens, 1901).
Leptarionta
guillarmodi (Shuttleworth, 1852)
Helix
guillarmodi
Shuttleworth, 1852. Mitt. Naturf. Ges.
Bern: 199.
Helix
(Corasia) guillarmodi Shuttleworth.
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 296; pl. 10, figs. 8, 8a (shell).
Corasia
guillarmodi
(Shuttleworth). Strebel, 1880: 50.
Helix
(Oxychona) guillarmodi Shuttleworth.
Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5: 133-134; pl. 57, figs. 32, 33
(shell).- Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 158-159.
Leptarionta
guillarmodi
(Shuttleworth). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 79: 187-189; pl. 14, fig. 7 (foot); text-figs. 13a
(reproductive system), fig. 13b, 13c (radula), fig. 13d (jaw).- Neubert & Gosteli, 2003; Contributions to
Natural History, 1: 27-28; pl. 13, fig. 3.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordoba,
Veracruz. Syntypes: Naturhistorisches
Museum Bern 19080/3 (Neubert & Gosteli, 2003: 27-28).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
Córdoba; Toxpam, nr. Cordoba; Cerro de Palmas, nr. Cordoba (Von Martens, 1892);
Las Tortolas, in limestone foothills ca. 2 km N of Cordoba (Pilsbry, 1927).
Leptarionta
maxwellsmithi Pilsby, 1930
Leptarionta
maxwellsmithi
Pilsbry, 1930; Nautilus, 43: 116-117; text-figs. 1 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Acandí, Dept.
Chocó, Colombia. Holotype ANSP 150243.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COLOMBIA:
known only from the type locality.
Leptarionta
trigonostoma trigonostoma (Pfeiffer, 1844)
Helix
trigonostoma
Pfeiffer, 1844; in Phillipi,
Abbildungen neuer Conch., 1: 154; pl. 4, fig. 8 (shell).
Helix
(Geotrochus) trigonostoma
Pfeiffer. Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
291; pl. 11, fig. 6 (shell).
Helix
(Oxychona) trigonostoma Pfeiffer. Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Conch., 5: 132-133; pl.
14, figs. 1-4 (shell); pl. 15, figs. 1, 2 (shell).- Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 154.
Leptarionta
trigonostoma (Pfeiffer). Bequaert, 1957: 223-224.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Dept. Alta
Verapaz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- HONDURAS
(von Marten, 1892). GUATEMALA, Dept. Alta Verapaz: Senahu (von Marten,
1892). Dept. Chimaltenango: Yepocapa (Bequaert, 1957). Dept.
Petén (Von Martens, 1892). Dept. Solola: Finca Montequina, Atitlan
(Bequaert, 1957). CHIAPAS: Laguna Ocotal, 950 m alt.; El Censo to Laguna
Ocotal, 700-1000 m alt.; Monte Libano to El Censo, 600-700 m alt. (Bequaert,
1957). TABASCO.
Leptarionta
trigonostoma elevatoconica (Fischer & Crosse, 1872)
Helix
trigonostoma var. elevato-conica Fischer & Crosse,
1872: 291; pl. 11, fig. 6a (shell).
Helix (Oxychona) trigonostoma
var. elevatoconica Fischer &
Crosse. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 154.
Oxychona
trigonostoma elevatoconica
(Fischer & Crosse). Pilsbry, 1894;
Man. Conch., 9: 190.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mountains of the
Dept. Vera Paz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Coban. Dept.
Guatemala: nr. Cd. Guatemala, 5000 ft. alt. (Von Martens, 1892).
Leptarionta
trigonostoma freytagiana (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix
trigonostoma var. freytagiana Von Martens, 1892; Biol.
Cent. Amer.: 155; pl. 9, figs. 8, 8a, 9, 9a (shell).
Oxychona
trigonostoma freytagiana (Von
Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9:
191.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Honduras.
DISTRIBUTION.- HONDURAS: known
only from the type locality.
Leptarionta
trigonostoma intermedia (Fischer & Crosse, 1872)
Helix
trigonostoma var. intermedia Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
291; pl. 11, fig. 6b (shell).- Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 155, pl. 9, figs. 1, 1a (shell).
Oxychona
trigonostoma intermedia (Fischer
& Crosse). Pilsbry, 1894; Man.
Conch., 9: 190.
TYPE LOCALITY.- San Agustín,
Dept. San Marcos, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Senahu (Von
Martens, 1892). Dept. Quetzaltenango: Cerro Zunil (Von Martens, 1892). Dept.
San Marcos: San Agustín.
Leptarionta
trigonostoma salleana (Pfeiffer, 1849)
Helix
salleana Pfeiffer,
1849; Mon. Heliceorum Vivntium, 3: 173.
Helix
trigonostoma var. salleana Pfeiffer. Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 291.
Helix
trigonostoma var. obscura Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 291;
pl. 11, fig. 6d (shell).
Helix
(Oxychona) trigonostoma var. salleana
Pfeiffer. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 154.
Leptarionta
trigonostoma salleana
(Pfeiffer). Thompson, 1957; Nautilus,
70: 101.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Along the Rio San
Juan, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Izabal: Sierra del Mico, south
of the Golfo Dulce (Von Martens, 1992). Dept. San Marcos: San Agustín (Von
Martens, 1892). TABASCO: 0.5-1.0 mi. E
of Taepa (Thompson, 1957).
Leptinaria trigonostoma
stolliana (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix
trigonostoma var. stolliana Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 155; pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a-7, 7a (shell), 11, 12 (animal).
Oxychona
trigonostoma stolliana
(Von Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man.
Conch., 9: 191; pl. 45, figs. 9, 10 (live animal).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not designated.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Escuintla: Buenavista; Miramar;
Hacienda Helvetia; Hacienda San Francisco (Von Martens, 1892). Dept.
Quetzaltenango: Cerro Zunil (Von Martens, 1892). Dept.
Retalhuleu: El Reposo (Von Martens, 1892).
Dept. San Marcos: San Agustín
(Von Martens, 1892).
Leptarionta venusta
venusta Gude, 1903
Leptarionta
venusta venusta
Gude, 1903; Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 5: 263; pl. 7, figs. 8-11 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 73; text-fig. 4 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiriquí, Panama.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA:
known only from the type locality.
Leptarionta venusta
albata Rehder, 1942
Leptarionta
venusta albata Rehder,
1942: 352; figs. 4-6, 7-9 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiriquí Prov.,
Panama. Holotype USNM 536030.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA:
known only from the type locality.
Leptarionta
zhorquinensisis (Angas, 1879)
Helix
zhorquinensis Angas,
1879; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 475; pl. 40, fig. 1 (shell).
Helix
(Oxychona) zhorquinensis Angas.
Pilsbry, 1889; Man. Con., 5: 133; pl. 60, fig. 12.- Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 157.
Oxychona
zhorquinensis
(Angas). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9:
190.
Leptarionta
zhorquinensis (Angas). Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 127
TYPE LOCALITY.- Along the
Zhorquin River, Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUION RECORDS.- COSTA RICA,
Prov. Limón: Monkey Point (Pilsbry,
1926).
Genus Tryonigens Pilsbry, 1927
Tryonigens Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 79: 189-191.- Solem, 1959; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (611): 12.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix remondi Tryon, 1862.
DISTRIBUTION.- Coastal western
Mexico from Sonora south to Colima.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Tryonigens remondi
(Tryon, 1863)
Helix
remondi Tryon,
1863; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 281.
Arionta
remondi
(Tryon). Tryon, 1866; Amer. Jour.
Conch., 2: 318, 325; pl. 22, fig. 18 (shell).-
Tryon, 1868; Amer. Jour. Conch., 4: 240.
Helix
verrilli Ancey,
1887; Conchologist’s Exchange, 2: 63.
Helix
trypanomphala var. remondi Tryon. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 143.
Tryonigens
remondi
(Tryon). Pilsbry, 1927; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 79: 191; text-fig. 14a (tail), fig. 14b (radula), fig. 14c
(reproductive anatomy).- Solem, 1959; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (610): 12-13.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Helix remondi: Sinaloa; holotype ANSP
58122. Helix verrilli: Ventanas, Durango.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
Rio Mayo, Guasaremos (Solem, 1959).
COLIMA: Manzanillo (Pilsbry, 1927).
DURANGO: Ventanas. GUERRERO: Agua
de Obispo (Solem, 1959). JALISCO: Sayul
(Von Martens, 1892); Puebla de Santa Catarina (Solem, 1959). MICHOACÁN: Cerro
Guzman, Coalcoman (Solem, 1959).
NAYARIT: Tepic; Rio Tepic, 5 mi. below Tepic (Solem, 1959). SINALOA: Mazatlan; Rosario; Panuco, 1800 ft.
alt. (Solem, 1959). SONORA: Guaymas
(Tryon, 1866).
Subfamily LYSINOINAE
Hoffmann, 1928
TAXONOMY.- A single genus is
placed in this subfamily.
Genus Lysinoe H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
Lysinoe H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855;
Genera of Recent Mollusca (2): 203.-
Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 191-192.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix ghiesbreghti Nyst, 1841.
DISTRIBUTION.- Chiapas, Guatemala,
El Salvador and Honduras. A species from
Jalisco is included in the genus, but it’s phylogenetic affinities are
questionable.
TAXONOMY.- Four species and six
subspecies are recognized.
Lysinoe eximia eximia (Pfeiffer,
1844)
Helix
eximia Pfeiffer,
1844; in Philippi, Abbildungen neuer
Conchyl., 1: 153; pl. 5, fig. 6 (shell).
Helix
(Odonture) eximia Pfeiffer. Fischer
& Crosse, 1872: 242-245; pl. 11, figs. 3, 3a, 3d (shell); 206-210; pl. 13.
fig. 7 (jaw), figs. 8, 9 (radula), figs. 10, 11 (reproductive anatomy) fig. 13
(nervous system).
Odontura
eximia (Pfeifer). Strebel, 1880: 36.
Helix
(Lysinoe) eximia Pfeiffer. Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 149-150.
Lysinoe
eximia (Pfeiffer). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 192; pl. 60,
fig. 9 (jaw).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not given.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Coban. Dept.
Huehuetenango: upper Cholhuitz; nr. San Martin, ca. 6000 ft. alt. (Von
Martens, 1892). Dept. Sacatepequez: Dueñas (Fischer & Crosse, 1872).
Lysinoe eximia stolli
(Von Martens, 1892)
Helix (Odonture) eximia
Pfeiffer. Fischer & Crosse, 1873;
Miss. Sci. Mex., I: 242; pl. 11, figs. 3b, 3c (shell).
Helix (Lysinoe) eximia var. stolli Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 149-150.
Lysinoe
exmia stolli (Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 192.
TYPE LOCALITY.- “Vera Paz”,
Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA:
known only from the type locality.
Lysinoe ghiesbreghti
ghiesbreghti (Nyst, 1841)
Helix
ghiesbreghti Nyst,
1841; Bull. Acad. Bruxelles, 7: 343; fig. 2 (shell).
Helix
(Odontura) ghiesbreghti Nyst. Fischer
& Crosse, 1872: 245, pl. 10, fig. 9 (shell); 206-210 (anatomy); pl. 13,
fig. 1 (jaw), figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 (radula), fig. 6 (reproductive anatomy).
Odontura
ghiesbreghti (Nyst). Strebel, 1872: 37.
Helix
(Lysinoe) ghiesbrghti Nyst. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
150-152; pl. 8, figs. 3, 3a, 4 (shell).
Lysinoe
ghiesbreghti
(Nyst). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9:
192; pl. 60, fig. 8 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiapas.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Coban. Dept.
Baja Verapaz: Purulha. CHIAPAS.
TAXONOMY.- Five additional
subspecies have been described.
Lysinoe ghiesbreghti
bizonata (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix
(Odontura) ghiesbreght var. δ
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 245, 247.
Helix
(Lysinoe) ghiesbreghti var. bizonata
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 151.
Lysenoe
ghiesbreghti bizona
(Von Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man.
Conch., 9: 192.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordierra de San
Marcos, Honduras; ca. 2660 m alt.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Honduras:
known only from the type locality.
Lysinoe ghiesbreghti
fulvostraminea (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix
(Odontura) ghiesbreghti var. γ
Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 245; pl. 10, fig. 9a (living animal).
Helix
(Lysinoe) ghiesbreghti var. fulvo-straminea
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 151.
Lysinoe
ghiesbreghti fulvostraminea (Von Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 192.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Toliman, in the
hills above San Lucas, near Lago de Atitlán, Dept. Solola, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA:
known only from the type locality.
Lysinoe ghiesbreghti
rFLMNHozonata (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix (Odontura) ghiesbreghti
var. β Fischer & Crosse,
1872: 247.
Helix
(Lysinoe) ghiesbreghti var. rFLMNHo-zonata
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 151.
Lysinoe
ghiesbreghti rFLMNHozonata (Von Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 192.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Not given.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA
(?).
Lysinoe ghiesbreghti
subaurantia (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix
(Lysinoe) ghiesbreghti var. subaurantia
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 151; pl. 8, figs. 1, 1a-1d (shell).
Lysinoe
ghiesbreghti subaurantia (Von Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 192.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Purula [Purulha},
Dept. Baja Verapaz, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Baja Verapaz: Purulha. Dept.
Quetzaltenango: Cerro Zunil (Von Martens, 1892).
Lysinoe ghiesbreghti
strubelli (Von Martens, 1892)
Helix
(Lysinoe) ghiesbreghti var. strubelli
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 151; pl. 8, fig. 2 (shell).
Lysinoe
ghiesbreghti strubelli (Von Martens). Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 192.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cabo Gracias a
Dios, Honduras.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- HONDURAS:
known only from the type locality.
Lysinoe sebastiana (Dall,
1897)
Helix
(Lysinoe) sebastiana Dall, 1897: 73-74.
Lysinoe
sebastiana (Dall). Solem, 1955; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich., (566): 43-44; pl. 3, figs. 7-9.-
Solem, 1956: 140.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Near San
Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico. Holotype in
the USNM.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- JALISCO:
Sierra Autlán, ca. 20 mi. SSE of Autlán, Jalisco (Solem, 1955).
TAXONOMY.- The generic affinities
of this species need to be verified anatomically.
Lysinoe starretti
Thompson, 1963
Lysinoe
staretti Thompson,
1963; Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 76: 27-31; pl. 1,
figs. 1-4 (shell); text-figs. 1 A, B (radula, jaw); text-figs. 1, C-D, a-f
(reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Hacienda Monte
Cristo, Metapan, Dept. Santa Ana, El Salvador; 2200 m alt. Holotype UMMZ 195327.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- EL
SALVADOR: known only from the type locality.
Subfamily TRICHODISCININAE
Schileyko, 1998
DISTRIBUTION.- Mexico from
Sinaloa on the Pacific coast, and to Tamaulipas on the east coast south to
Panama.
TAXONOMY.- Three genera are
included. The subfamily Miraveralliinae
Schileyko, 1998, is a synonym.
Genus Averellia Ancey, 1887
Coelospira
Ancey, 1886; Conch.
Exchange, 1: 20 (not Coelospira Hall,
1864: Brachiopoda).
Averellia Ancey, 1887; Conch. Exchange, 1:
54. Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 197,
198.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix mac-neili Crosse, 1873.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern Costa
Rica and northwestern Panama.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Averelllia macneili
(Crosse, 1873)
Helix
mac-neili Crosse,
1873; Jour. de Conchyl., 21: 67.-
Crosse, 1874; Jour. de Conchyl., 22: 71; pl. 2, fig. 3 (shell).
Helix
(Averellia) macneili (Crosse). Pilsbry,
1889; Man. Conch., 5: 96; pl. 49, figs. 59-61 (shell).- Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
137-138.- Von Martens, 1901; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 623.
Epiphragmophora
(Averellia) macneili (Crosse). Pilsbry,
1895; Man. Conch., 9: 197.
Averelllia
macneili
(Crosse). Pilsbry, 1926; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 73.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiriquí Lagoon,
Costa Rica [Panama].
DISRIBUTION RECORDS.- PANAMA, Prov. Bocas del Toro: drift of San San
Creek. Prov. Chiriquí: Chiriquí Lagoon (Pilsbry, 1926). COSTA RICA, Prov. Cartago: Tuís, 600 m alt. (Von Martens, 1901). Prov.
Limon: coastal region and lower foothills from Parismina to the hills of
Zhorquin (Von Martens, 1892). Prov. Puntarenas: Alto de Mano Tigre,
690 m alt.; Terraba (Von Martens, 1892).
Genus Miraverellia Baker, 1922
Miraverellia Baker, 1922; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.
Univ. Mich., (106): 60.- Solem, 1959; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (611): 1-2.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix sumichrasti Crosse & Fischer,
1872.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern Mexico in
the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Michoacán and Veracruz.
TAXONOMY.- Four species are
recognized.
Miraverellia inflata
(Thompson, 1859)
Averellia (Miraverellia) inflata
Thompson, 1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (610): 1-8; pl. 1 (shell);
text-fig. 1A (pallial organs), figs. 1B, 1C (jaw), fig. 1D (radula); text-fig.
2 (reproductive anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- El Fuente, south
slope of Volcán San Martín, Sierra de las Tuxtlas, Veracruz; 1170 m alt. Holotype UMMZ 196002.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
known only from the type locality.
Miraverellia sargi
(Crosse & Fischer, 1872)
Helix
sargi Crosse &
Fischer, 1872; Jour. de Conchyl., 20: 146-147.-
Von Martens, 1874; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 648.
Helix (Aglaia) sargi Crosse
& Fischer. Crosse & Fischer,
1873; Jour. de Conchyl., 21; 277-278; pl. 9, fig. 2 (shell).- Fischer & Crosse, 1902: 664; pl. 71,
figs. 6, 6a, 6b (shell).
Helix
(Trichodiscina) sargi Crosse & Fischer. Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 157.
Trichodiscina
sargi (Crosse &
Fischer). Hinkley, 1920; Nautilus, 34:
50.
Averellia (Miraverellia) sargi
(Crosse & Fischer, 1872). Solem,
1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (611): 2-3; pl. 1, figs. 13-15 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Tamahú, [Dept.
Alta Verapaz], Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA,
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Tamahú; Coban (Von Martens, 1892); Chejel (Hinkley, 1920).
Miraverellia
sumichrasti (Crosse & Fischer, 1872)
Helix
sumichrasti Crosse
& Fischer, 1872; Jour. de Conchyl., 20: 146.
Helix
(Trichia) sumichrasti Crosse & Fischer, 1873; Jour. de Conchyl., 21: 265;
pl. 9, figs. 4, 4a (shell).- Fischer
& Crosse, 1902, 2: 664-665; pl. 71, figs. 7a, 7b (shell).
Helix
(Trichodiscina) sumichrasti Crosse & Fischer.
Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 137.
Averellia (Miraverllia) sumichrasti
(Crosse & Fischer). Baker, 1922; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (106): 58-60; pl. 17, fig. 8 (radula), fig. 10
(jaw).- Solem, 1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.
Univ. Mich., (611): 3-4; pl. 1, figs. 7, 8, 9 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- [Santiago]
Laollaga, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca (16.58º N, 95.2º W) (Solem, 1959).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA:
Laollaga.
REMARKS.- Records by Solem (1959)
from Veracruz and Michoacán are doubtful.
Miraverellia verdensis
(Dall, 1910)
Epiphragmophora
(Trichodiscina) verdensis Dall, 1910; Nautilus, 24: 35-36 (not illustrated).
Averellia
(Miraverellia) sumichrasti (Crosse & Fischer). Solem,
1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (611): 3-4 (in part).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Near the hot
springs, along the Rio Verde, Oaxaca.
Further restricted to Rio Verde, Oaxaca (17.057º N, 94.751º W) (Solem,
1959). Holotype USNM 212318.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA:
known only from the type locality.
Genus Trichodiscina Von Martens, 1892
Trichodiscus Strebel, 1880: 32 (not Trichodiscus Ehrenberg, 1830, Protozoa).
Trichodiscina Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 133.- Pérez & López, 2002:
187-188.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix coactiliata Férussac, 1838.
DISTRIBUTION.- Venezuela north
through Central America to Tamaulipas and Sinaloa in Mexico.
TAXONOMY.- Six species and one
subspecies are recognized. Trchodiscina crinita Fulton, 1917, is a Thysanophora, sub-genus Setidiscus.
Trichodiscina
coactiliata (Férussac, 1838)
Helix
coactiliata
Deshayes, 1839, in Férussac, Hist.
Nat. Moll. Terrestres, 1: 18; pl. 72, figs. 1-5 (shell).
Helix
(patula) coactiliata (Férussac). Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 234.
Trichodiscus
coactiliata (Férussac). Strebel, 1880: 34.
Patula
coactiliata (Férussac). Pilsbry, 1889; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila,
43: 314.
Helix
(Trichodiscina) coactiliata (Férussac). Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 133-135,
Epiphragmophora
coactiliata (Férussac).
Pilsbry, 1895; Man. Conch., 9:
191.- Fluck, 1905; Nautilus, 19: 78.
Averellia (Trichodiscina) coactiliata
(Férussac). Hinkley, 1907; Nautilus, 21:
71.- Baker, 1922; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.
Univ. Mich., (106): 57-58; pl. 27, fig. 7 (radula), fig. 9 (jaw).- Baker, 1926; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich., (167): 22.- Pilsbry, 1926; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 78: 73.- Bequaert
& Clench, 1933; Pub. Carnegie Inst. Wash., (431): 531.- Bequaert & Clench, 1936; Pub. Canegie
Inst. Wash., (457): 64.- Richards, 1937;
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 77: 252.-
Richards, 1938: 172.- Morrison,
1946; Smiths. Misc. Coll., 106: 44.- Haas,
1949; Nautilus, 62: 138.- Harry, 1950; Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (524): 11.-
Bequaert, 1957: 224.- Basch,
1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (612): 11.- Haas & Solem, 1966; Nautilus, 73:
131.- Thompson, 1967; Bull. Fla. Sta.
Mus., 11: 253.
Trichodiscina
coactiliata
(Ferussac). Pérez & López, 2002:
188-190.
Helix
nystiana Pfeiffer,
1845; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 130.
Helix
bridgesi Tryon,
1866; Amer. Jour. Conch., 2: 303; pl. 20, figs. 9, 10 (shell).
Helix
parkeri Tryon,
1867; Amer. Jour. Conch., 3: 106.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix coactiliata: not given. Helix
nystiana: Realejo, Nicaragua. Helix bridgesi: Nicaragua. Helix
parkeri: Nicaragua.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Eastern
Mexico from Tamaulipas south through Central America to Trinidad and Venezuela
(Baker, 1926). PANAMA, Pearl Islands: San José Island
(Morrison, 1946). Prov. Los Santos: Tonosí (Pilsbry, 1926). NICARAGUA, Pacific versant, common (Pérez
& López, 2002). Dept. Chinandega: Realejo (Von Martens, 1892). Reg.
Aut. Atlantico Norte: Weilawas Hill, nr. Wani (Fluck, 1905). HONDURAS, Roatan Island: between Coden Hole
and French Harbor; North Side; West End (Richards, 1938). BELIZE, Rio Frio Cave (Haas & Solem,
1966). GUATEMALA, Dept. Escuintla: Zapote (Haas, 1949). Dept.
Izabal: nr. Livingston. Dept. Petén: Tikal National Park (Basch,
1959). CAMPECHE: 5.1 mi. NNE of
Dzibalchen; 3.6 mi. S of Hopelchen; 6.1 mi. E of Seyaplaya; 7.2 mi. S of
Pixtun; 10.2 mi. E of Escarcega; 19.2 mi. E of Silvituc (Thompson, 1967). CHIAPAS: Laguna Ocotal, 950 m alt.; El Real,
600 m alt. (Bequaert, 1957). QUINTANA
ROO: Cozumel Island, 3 mi. N of San Miguel (Richards, 1937); Chetumal (Haas
& Solem, 1966); 4.0 mi. E of Xpujil, Campeche (Thompson, 1967). TAMAULIPAS: Tampico (Hinkley, 1907). VERACRUZ: Coatotolapam (Baker, 1922). YUCATAN: Tablas; Labna (Pilsbry, 1891);
Chichen Itza (Bequaert & Clench, 1933); Xtolok Cenote, nr. Chichen Itza
(Bequaert & Clench, 1936); 8 mi. NW of Chichen Itza (Harry, 1950).
Trichodiscina
cordovana (Pfeiffer, 1858)
Helix
cordovana Pfeiffer,
1856; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 318.
Helix (Patula) coactiata var. cordovana Pfeiffer. Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 234; pl. 12,
figs. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c (shell).
Trichodiscus
cordovana Strebel,
1880: 32; pl. 3, fig. 5 (shell); pl. 11, figs. 1 (radula), fig. 10 (jaw), fig.
17 (pallial organs).- Tryon, 1887; Man.
Conch., 3: 49; pl. 5, figs. 99-1 (shell).
Helix
(Trichodiscina) cordovana (Pfeiffer). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 135.
Averellia (Trichodiscina) cordovana
(Pfeiffer). Baker, 1927; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 79: 242-243; pl. 20, figs. 53, 54, 56, 57 (reproductive
anatomy); fig. 55 (pallial organs).
Trichodiscina
cordovana (Dall). Correa-Sandoval, 1993; Rev. Biol. Trop., 41:
675.- Correa-Sandoval, Gutierrez &
Reza, 1998: 17.- Correa-Sandoval, 1999:
9. Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002;
Acta Zool. Mex., (86): 238.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUERRERO:
Omilteme (Von Martens, 1892). NUEVO
LEON: Santiago (Correa-Sandoval, 1993).
SAN LUÍS POTOSÍ: numerous localities (Correa-Sandoval, et al. 1998). TAMAULIPAS: numerous localities in southern
part of state (Correa-Sandoval & Castro, 2002). VERACRUZ: Nacimiento de Quilate, Cerro de
Espadilla, Rancho Guerrero, all in the vicinity of Misantla; numerous
localities in the vicinity of Jalapa; hacienda Mirador; Soledad; Almolonga;
Cordoba (Von Martens, 1892); km 234, 1 km SE of Tuxpam (20°49’11” N, 97°30’00”
W); La Ordeña, Papantla (20°29’43” N, 97°18’27” W); Ruinas El Tajín (20°26’29”
N, 97°22’30” W) (Correa-Sandoval, 1999).
Trichodiscina hinkleyi
Pilsbry, 1919
Trichodiscina
hinkleyi Pilsbry,
1919: 217; text-fig. 5 (shell).
Averellia
hiinkleyi
(Pilsbry). Hinkley, 1920; Nautilus, 34:43,
48.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Livingston, [Dept. Izabal], Guatemala. Holotype ANSP 107533.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- GUATEMALA, Dept. Izabal: mountains of Rio Cavech, and those back of Cavech
Village; across the Rio Dulcey from Livingston, Jocola (Hinkley, 1920).
Trichodiscina
oajacensis (Kock, 1842)
Helix
oajacensis Kock, in Pfeiffer, 1842; Symbolae ad Historiam
Heliciorum, 2: 35.
Helix (Discus) oajacensis Kock. Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 237.
Trichodiscus
oajacensis
(Kock). Strebel, 1880: 35.- Tryon, 1887; Man. Conch., 3: 50; pl. 5, figs.
6, 7 (shell).
Epiphragmophora
(Trichodiscina) oajacensis (Kock). Pilsbry,
1895; Man. Conch., 9: 199.
Helix (Trichodiscina) oajacensis
(Kock). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 136-137.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA:
known only from the type locality.
Trichodiscina sinaloa
Pilsbry, 1954
Trichodiscina
sinaloa Pilsbry,
1954; Nautilus, 67: 81; text-fig. 2.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Drift of the Rio
Fuerte, San Blas, Sinaloa. Holotype ANSP
166601.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SINALOA:
known only from the type locality.
Trichodiscina
suturalis suturalis (Pfeiffer, 1846)
Helix
suturalis Pfeiffer,
1846; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 37.-
Reeve, 1851; Conch. Icon., Helix:
pl. 61, fig. 301 (shell); pl. 110, fig. 626 (shell).
Helix (Patula) coactiliata var.
γ suturalis Pfeiffer. Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 234.
Helix
(Trichodiscus) suturalis Pfeiffer. Tryon,
1887; Man. Conch., 3: 49; pl. 5, fig. 3 (shell).
Helix
(Trichodiscina) suturalis Pfeiffer. Von
Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.: 136.
Averellia (Trichodiscina) suturalis
(Pfeiffer). Baker, 1922; Occ. Pap. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich., (106): 58.
Averellia
suturalis
(Pfeiffer). Goodrich & van der
Schalie, 1937: 28.- Thompson, 1957;
Nautilus, 70: 101.- Thompson, 1967c:
254.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Honduras.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.-
HONDURAS. GUATEMALA (Goodrich
& van der Schalie, 1937). Dept. Baja Verapaz: San Gerónimo, nr.
Salama. Dept. Petén: San Luis (Von Martens, 1892). CAMPECHE: 5.1 mi. NNW of Dzibalchen; 19.2 mi.
E of Silvituc (Thompson, 1967c). QUINTANA
ROO: 4.0 mi. E of Xpujil, Campeche; 2.3 mi. SSE of Xiatil (Thompson,
1967c). TABASCO: 0.5-1.0 mi. E of Teapa
(Thompson, 1957). VERACRUZ: Cuatotolapam
(Baker, 1922).
Trichodiscina
suturalis pressula (Morelet, 1851)
Helix
pressula Morelet,
1851; Test. Noviss., II: 8.
Helix (Patula) pressula
Morelet. Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
236; pl. 12, figs. 5-5c (shell).
Trichodiscus
pressula
(Morelet). Strebel, 1880: 34.
Helix
(Trichodiscus) pressula Morelet. Tryon,
1887; Man. Conch., 3: 50; pl. 5, figs. 4, 5 (shell).
Helix
(Trichodiscina) suturalis var. pressula
Morelet. Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 136; pl. 7, figs. 4, 4a, 4b (shell).
Averellia
pressula (Morelet). Haas, 1949; Nautilus, 62: 137.
Helix
almonte Tristram,
1863; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 411.
Helix
almonteana
“Tristram”, Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 231.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Istapa, near San
José, Dept. Escuintla, Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- COSTA
RICA, Prov. San Jose: Uruca. GUATEMALA, Dept. Baja Verapaz: Purulha.
Dept. Chimaltenango: Finca
Montserrat, W slope of Volcán Acatenango (Haas, 1949). Dept.
Guatemala: limestone mountain La Pedrera N of Cd. Guatemala. Dept.
Quetzaltenango: Las Mercedes (Von Martens, 1892).
Subfamily XANTHONYCHINAE
Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880
Xanthonicinae Strebel & Pfeffer,
1880: 25.
Metastracini Nordseick, 1978; Arch.
für Molluskenkunde, 118: 22-23.
DISTRIBUTION.- Mexico and Central
America.
TAXONOMY.- Four genera are
recognized.
Genus Cryptostracon Binney, 1879
Cryptostracon
Binney, 1879; Ann.
New York Acad. Sci., 1: 258.- Pilsbry,
1900; Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 4: 27-28.-
Cuezzo, 1997; Amer. Malac. Bull., 14: 7.
TYPE SPECIES.- Cryptostracon gabbi Binney, 1879.
DISTRIBUTION.- Costa Rica.
TAXONOMY.- Two species are recognized.
Cryptostracon
corcovadensis Cuezzo, 1997
Cryptostracon
corcovadensis
Cuezzo, 1997; Amer. Malac. Bull., 14: 2-8; fig. 1 (animal), fig. 2 (viscera),
figs. 3, 4 (shell), fig. 5 (pallial organs), figs. 6-10 (reproductive anatomy),
figs. 11-14 (radula).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Costa Rica,
Puntarenas Prov., Corcovado National Park, Estacion Sirena, along Rio Los
Patos; 10 m alt. Holotype UCR-INBIO 648087.
DISTRIBUTION.- COSTA RICA: known
only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Cryptostracon gabbi Binney, 1879
Cryptostracon
gabbi Binney,
1879; Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1: 258;
pl. 11, fig 1.- Von Martens, 1897:
244.- Baker, 1963; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila, 115: 248.- Cuezzo, 1997; Amer. Malac. Bull., 14: 108.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Flanks of Pico
Blanco, 5000-7000 ft. elevation.
Lectotype ANSP 246310 (Baker, 1963: 248).
DISTRIBUTION.- COSTA RICA: known
only from the type locality.
Genus Metastracon Pilsbry 1900
Metastracon Pilsbry, 1900; Proc. Malac. Soc.
London, 4: 24-26.
TYPE SPECIES.- Metastracon mima Pilsbry, 1900.
DISTRIBUTION.- Michoacán, Mexico.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized.
Metastracon mima
Pilsbry, 1900
Metastracon
mima Pilsbry, 1900;
Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 4: 27; pl. 3, fig. 1 (animal), figs. 2, 3 (kidney),
fig. 4 (retractor muscles), figs. 5, 6, 7 (shell), fig. 8 (reproductive
anatomy), fig. 9 (jaw), fig. 10 (radula), fig. 11 (digestive system).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Morelia,
Michoacán. Holotype ANSP 77245.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. MICHOACÁN:
Morelia; Uruapan (Pilsbry, 1900).
Genus Semiconchula Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco & Pearce, 2000
Semiconchula Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco &
Pearce, 2000; Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 128: 156.
TYPE SPECIES.- Semiconchula custepecana Naranjo-Garcia,
Polaco & Pearce, 2000.
DISTRIBUTION.- Southern Chiapas,
Mexico.
TAXONOMY.- Two species are recognized.
Semiconchula
breedlovei Naranjo-Garcia, 2003
Semiconchula
breedlovei Naranjo-Garcia,
2003; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 54: 225-230.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiapas, west of
San Cristobal de Las Casas; steep, heavily wooded slope near the summit of
Mukta vits (Cerro Huitepec). Holotype
CAS 77540.
DISTRIBUTION.— CHIAPAS: known
only from the type locality.
Semiconchula
custepecana Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco &
Pearce, 2000
Semiconchula
custepecana Naranjo-Garcia,
Polaco & Pearce, 2000. Archiv für
Molluskenkunde, 128: 153-161; figs. 1 (shell), fig. 2 (animal), fig. 3
(reproductive anatomy), fig. 4 (radula).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiapas, north
side of Sierra Madre de Chiapas, east bank of Rio Custepec, ca. 4 km north by
road from Finca Custepec toward Jaltenango, ca.
15º45'45" N, 92º57'45" W; elev. ca.
1040 m. Among riparian vegetation. Holotype Coleccion Nacional de Molluscos,
Universidad Nacional Autonomo de Mexico 326.
DISTRIBUTION.- CHIAPAS: known
from four localities within 10 km of the type locality.
Genus Xanthonyx Crosse & Fischer, 1867
Xanthonyx Crosse & Fischer, 1867; Jour.
de Conchyl., 15: 223.- Fischer &
Crosse, 1872: 192.- Strebel, 1880: 26.
TYPE SPECIES.- Vitrina sumichrasti Brot, 1867.
DISTRIBUTION.- Eastern Mexico
from San Luis Potosi south to Chiapas.
TAXONOMY.- Five species are
recognized.
Xanthonyx chiapensis
(Pfeiffer, 1956)
Simpulopsis
chiapensis
Pfeiffer, 1956; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 377.-
Reeve, 13, (Simpulopsis): pl.
1, fig. 1 (shell).
Xanthonyx
chiapensis
(Pfeiffer). Fischer & Crosse, 1872:
203.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Chiapas.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHAIPAS:
known only from the type locality.
Xanthonyx cordovanus
(Pfeiffer, 1856)
Simpulopsis
cordovanus
Pfeiffer, 1856; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 319; pl. 25, figs. 15, 16 (shell).
Xanthonyx
cordovanus
(Pfeiffer). Crosse & Fischer, 1867:
Jour. de Conchyl., 15: 225.- Fischer
& Crosse, 1872: 200; pl. 10, figs. 3, 3a (shell).- Strebel, 1880: 27; pl. 2, figs. 1f-1g; pl. 9,
fig. 14 (radula), fig. 21 (jaw); pl. 10, fig. 7 (embryonic shell), 7A-7B
(animal), fig 7C (pallial organs), fig. 7D (buccal mass), fig. 7E (foot), fig.
7F, 7G (reproductive anatomy).- Naranjo-Garcia,
Polaco & Pearce, 2000, Arch. für Mollusk., 128: 160.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordoba,
Veracruz. Syntypes BMNH 1992132
(Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco & Pearce, 2000: 160).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- VERACRUZ:
Cordoba; San Antonio de Monte, between Jalapa and Misantla (Strebel, 1880).
Xanthonyx
potosiana Dall,
1905; Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48: 190; pl. 44, figs. 1, 2, 7
(shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Alvarez
Mountains, San Luís Potosí, Mexico; 7900 ft. alt. Holotype USNM 110396.
DISTRIBUTION.- SAN LUÍS POTOSÍ:
known only from the type locality.
Xanthonyx salleanus (Pfeifffer,
1856)
Simpulopsis
salleana Pfeiffer,
1856; Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 319; pl. 25, figs. 15, 16 (shell).
Xanthonyx
salleanus (Pfeiffer).- Crosse & Fischer, 1867; Jour. de
Conchyl., 15: 225.- Fischer &
Crosse, 1972: 199; pl. 10, figs. 2, 2a (shell).- Strebel, 1880: 26; pl. 2, figs. 1a-e (shell);
pl. 10, fig. 8 (embryonic whorls).- Von
Martens, 1897: 343.- Pilsbry, 1900;
Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 4: 27-28; pl. 3, 12 (animal), fig. 13 (pallial
organs), fig. 14 (reproductive anatomy), fig. 15 (retractor muscles).- Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco & Pearce, 2000,
Arch. für Mollusk., 128: 160.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Cordoba,
Veracruz. Syntypes BMNH 1992131
(Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco & Pearce, 2000: 160).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- OAXACA (Von
Martens, 1897). VERACRUZ: Cordoba;
Pacho, nr. Jalapa (Strebel, 1880).
Xanthonyx sumichrasti
(Brot, 1867)
Vitrina
sumichrasti Brot,
1867; Jour. de Conchyl., 15: 70; pl. 4, fig. 2 (shell).
Xanthonyx
sumichrasti (Brot). Crosse & Fischer, 1867; Jour. de
Conchyl., 15: 214; pl. 10, figs. 1-4 (anatomy).- Fischer & Crosse, 1872: 201; pl. 9, figs.
14-19 (anatomy).- Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco
& Pearce, 2000; Arch. für Mollusk., 128: 160.
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mexico. Holotype Museum d’Historie Naturelle de
Geneve 993/213 (Naranjo-Garcia, Polaco & Pearce, 2000: 160).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- MEXICO:
without nearer indication of locality.
Family POLYGYRIDAE
Pilsbry, 1895
Subfamily
POLYGYRINAE Pilsbry, 1895
DISTRIBUTION.- Temperate North
America south to northern Central America.
One species has been widely introduced to other tropical and subtropical
regions.
TAXONOMY.- Emberton (1995) lists
twelve genera belonging to this subfamily.
Genus Ashmunella Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1899
Ashmunella Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1899;
Nautilus, 12: 107.- Pilsbry &
Cockerell, 1899; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51: 188.- Ancey & Mordoch, 1901; Jour. Malac., 8:
73.- Pilsbry, 1905; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila: 223.- Pilsbry & Ferriss,
1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 61: 503.-
Pilsbry & Ferriss; 1910; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 62: 95.- Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1917; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 69: 88.- Pilsbry, 1940; Land
Moll. N. Amer., I: 912-918.-
Bequaert & Clench, 1973:
Moll. Arid S.W.: 37-40, 130-135.
TYPE SPECIES.- Polygyra miorhyssa Dall, 1898 (Pilsbry,
1905: 223.
DISTRIBUTION.- Western Texas, New
México and southeastern Arizona south into Chihuahua.
TAXONOMY.- Numerous species. Five occur in México.
Ashmunella intricata
Pilsbry, 1948
Ashmunella
intricata Pilsbry,
1948; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 203; pl. 13, fig. 4 (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Mountain side about 4 1/2 miles southeast of Pearson
[Mata Ortíz], among stones at the base of a cliff, Chihuahua; 6200 ft. alt.
Holotype ANSP 166324.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality.
Ashmunella juarazensis
Pilsbry, 1948
Ashmunella
juarazensis
Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 200-202; pl. 13, fig. 2
(shell), text-fig. 6C-D (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- South side of the
Rio Piedas Verdes 3 1/2 miles above Colonia Juaréz, Chihuahua; 5200 ft.
alt. Holotype ANSP 166161.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.
Ashmunella
meridionalis Pilsbry, 1948
Ashmunella
meridionalis
Pilsbry, 1948; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 199-200; pl. 13, fig. 3
(shell), text figs. 6E-I (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- “Barranca
Colorado”, 21 miles south of Miñeca, Chihuahua.
Holotype ANSP 164084.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Ashmunella milesi Reeder,
1993
Ashmunella
milesi Reeder, 1993;
Veliger, 36: 69-71; figs. 1-4 (shell), 5 (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Northern Sonora, México, west of Cananea;
south-facing talus slope along road to microwave tower, Sierra Mariquita, ca.
2000 m alt.; 31º2.0' N, 110º22.4' W.
Holotype SBMNH 35609.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA: known only from the type locality.
Ashmunella montivaga
Pilsbry, 1948
Ashmunella
montivaga Pilsbry,
1948; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100: 202-203; pl. 13, fig. 1 (shell),
text-fig. 5A-B (genitalia).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra de La
Breña, in a rock slide above the road from Colonia Juaréz and Pearson [Mata
Ortiz] to Pacheco, Chihuahua; 700 ft. alt.
Holotype: ANSP 166158.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- CHIHUAHUA:
known only from the type locality
Genus Erectidens Pilsbry, 1953
Erectidens
trichalis Pilsbry,
1953; Nautilus, 67: 47.- Bogan, 1992;
Malac. Rev., 25: 131-133.
TYPE SPECIES.- Erectidens trichalis Pilsbry, 1953.
DISTRIBUTION.- Known only from
river drift along the Rio Maurisco, about 25 km south of Monterrey, Nuevo León,
México.
TAXONOMY.- A single species is
recognized. It is known only from the
holotype. Pilsbry (1953b: 46)
tentatively placed Erectidens in the
Polygyridae. Other authors placed it in other families without the benefit of
examining additional material (Bogan, 1992: 131).
Erectidens trichalis Pilsbry,
1953
Erectidens
trichalis Pilsbry,
1953; Nautilus, 67: 47; figs. 1-2 (shell).-
Bogan, 1992; Malac. Rev., 25: 131-133; figs. 1a-1b (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Rio Maurisco near
its junction with the Rio Carrizo to form the Rio Ramós; the Rio Maurisco is a
short stream on the eastern slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental about 25 km
south of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
Holotype ANSP 164748.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NUEVO
LEÓN: known only from the type locality.
Genus Giffordius Pilsbry, 1930
Giffordius
Pilsbry, 1930;
Nautilus, 43: 143.- Pilsbry, 1930; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 249.
TYPE SPECIES.- Giffordius pichoti Pilsbry, 1930.
DISTRIBUTION.- Old Providence
Island, Colombia.
TAXONOMY.- Two species are
recognized.
Giffordius pinchoti Pilsbry,
1930
Giffordius
pinchoti Pilsbry,
1930; Nautilus, 43: 143.- Pilsbry, 1930;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 249-251; pl. 15, figs. 5-5c (shell); text-fig.
9 (anatomy).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Valley opening west, north of High Peak, Old Providence
Island. Holotype ANSP 150865.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from Old Providence Island.
Giffordius corneliae Pilsbry,
1930
Giffordius
corneliae Pilsbry,
1930; Nautilus, 43: 143.- Pilsbry, 1930;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 251-252; pl. 15, figs. 6-6a (shell).
TYPE LOCALITY.- Valley opening
west, north of High Peak, Old Providence Island. Holotype ANSP 150864.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Known only
from Old Providence Island.
Genus Polygyra Say, 1818
Polygyra
Say, 1818: Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1: 276.- W. G.
Binney, 1878: 262.- Pilsbry, 1930; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 311.- Pilsbry,
1940; Land Moll. N. Amer., I: 578-582.-
Emberton, 1995; Malacologia, 37: 89.
Cyclodoma
Swainson, 1840;
Treatise on Malacology: 193.
Ulostoma Albers, 1856; Die Heliceen:
95.
Anchistoma
H. and A. Adams,
1855; Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 205.
(Name ammended to Angistoma; Pilsbry,
1930; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82: 311.)
TYPE SPECIES.- Polygyra: Helix septemvolva Say, 1818 (Hermannsen, 1847: 317). Cyclodoma:
Helix septemvolva Say, 1818 (Pilsbry,
1930). Ulostoma: Helix septemvolva
Say, 1818 (Pilsbry, 1930). Anchistoma: Helix septemvolva Say, 1818 (Pilsbry, 1930).
DISTRIBUTION.- The southeastern
United States south throughout most of México to Guatemala and Belize.
TAXONOMY.- A recent analysis of
the phylogeny of the Polygyridae recognized within the clade “Polygyri” seven
subclades of unequal value (Emberton 1995).
Each of these subclades was elevated to generic rank. Polygyri equals Polygyra plus Praticolella and Giffordius. The remaining five genera recognized by
Emberton were treated in previous classifications as subgenera or sections
within Polygyra. The phylogeny proposed by Emberton produced a
new understanding of group relationships, but the proposed name changes result
in taxonomic inflation without producing clear advantages over previous
nomenclatorial systems. For purposes of
this document Giffordius, Praticolella, Polygyra are recognized as separate genera.
Six
subgenera are recognized. Four occur in
México. Two others, Lobosculum, and Daedalochila
are extralimital.
Subgenus Polygyra Say, 1818
DISTRIBUTION.- The Bahama
Islands, Bermuda, Cuba and the coastal zone of the southeastern United States
south to Yucatan, México.
TAXONOMY.- Four species are
recognized. One occurs in México.
Polygyra (Polygyra) cereolus cereolus (Muhlfeld, 1818)
Helix
cereolus Muhlfeld,
1818; Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Megazin, 8: 11; pl. 2,
figs. 18a-18b (shell).
Polygyra
cereolus cereolus (Muhlfeld).- W. G. Binney, 1878; Terr. Moll. N. Amer., 5:
283; fig. 181.- Vanatta, 1912; Nautilus,
26: 16-21, 31-34.- Pilsbry, 1940; Land
Moll. N. Amer., I: 582-586; fig. 379 (shell).
Helix
cereolus var. laminifera W. G. Binney, 1858; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 200 (nomum nudum).
Helix
carpenteriana Bland,
1860; Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7: 138.
Polygyra
cereolus carpenteriana (Bland).
Pilsbry, 1894; Man. Conch., 9: 73.-
Bequaert & Clench, 1933; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash., (431):
531.- Harry, 1950; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.
Univ. Mich., 534: 7, 8.- Rehder, 1966;
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 79: 289.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix cereolus: restricted to Key West,
Florida (Pilsbry, 1940: 584). Helix carpenteriana: Key Biscayne, Dade
Co., Florida. Lectotype ANSP 10972
(Pilsbry, 1940: 586).
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Florida
and eastern México. QUINTANA ROO: Puerto Morelos; Isla Mujeres. YUCATAN:
1.7 km SSE Puerto Telchac (FLMNH 19190); Progreso; 5.3 km S Progreso (FLMNH
19189). SAN LUÍS POTOSÍ: Laguna Media
Luna, 10 km SSW of Rio Verde (FLMNH 151961, FLMNH 189664).
Subgenus Acutidens Pilsbry, 1956
Acutidens Pilsbry, 1956; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 108: 26.
TYPE SPECIES.- Helix (Polygyra) acute-dentata
W. G. Binney, 1858.
DISTRIBUTION.- Coastal regions of
Sinaloa, México.
TAXONOMY.- The subgenus contains
a single species.
Polygyra (Acutidens) acutedentata (W. G. Binney, 1858)
Helix
(Polygyra) acute-dentata W. G. Binney, 1858; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (for 1857), 9: 183.
Helix
acutedentata Binney. W. G. Binney, 1869; Land and Fresh Water
Shells of N. Amer., 1: 103; fig. 179.
Polygyra
acutedentata (Binney). Von Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent. Amer.:
172.- Pilsbry, 1956; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 108: 26-27; pl. 2, figs. 6-6a (shell).
Daedalocheila
acutidentata
(Binney). Emberton, 1995; Malacologia,
37: 91.
Helix
(Polygyra) loisa W. B. Binney, 1858; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (for 1857), 9: 183.
Helix
acutedentata var. quinquedentata Fischer & Crosse,
1872; Miss. Sci. Mex., I: 289.
Helix
acutedentata var. minor Fischer & Crosse, 1872; Miss.
Sci. Mex., I: 289.
Helix
unguifera Mousson,
1883; Jour. Conchyl., 31: 216, pl. 9, fig.-
Fischer & Crosse, 1892; Miss. Sci. Mex, II: 665; pl. 71; figs.
11-11b.- Martens, 1892; Biol. Cent.
Amer.: 172, 627. (A nomum nudum.)
TYPE LOCALITY.- Helix acuta-dentata: Mazatlán, Sinaloa;
holotype ANSP 33449. Helix loisa: Mazatlán, Sinaloa; holotype: ANSP 33450. Helix
acutedentata var. quinquedentata:
not given. Helix acutedentata var. minor:
along streams at Mazatlán, Sinaloa.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- SINALOA:
known only from the vicinity of the type locality; highway ca. 4 km N of
Mazatlán; ca. 10 km N of Mazatlán.
Subgenus Linisia Pilsbry, 1930
Linisia Pilsbry, 1930; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 82: 315.- Pratt, 1981;
Unpubl. thesis: 57.- Emberton, 1995;
Malacologia, 37: 90.
Erymodon
Pilsbry, 1956;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 108: 20.-
Solem, 1959; Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (611): 10-12.
Monophysis Pilsbry, 1956; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 108: 25.
Solidens
Pilsbry, 1956;
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 108: 27.
TYPE
SPECIES.- Linisia: Helix (Polygyra)
anilis Gabb, 1865. Erymodon: Helix ventrosula Pfeiffer, 1845.
Monophysis: Helix (Polygyra) behri Gabb, 1865. Solidens:
Helix (Polygyra) anilis Gabb, 1865.
DISTRIBUTION.- Texas, Oklahoma
and Louisiana south throughout most of México to the Dept. Petén, Guatemala,
and Belize.
TAXONOMY.- Twenty-four species
and five subspecies are recognized. All
occur or are presumed to occur in México and adjacent Central America.
Polygyra (Linisia) albicostulata Pilsbry, 1896
Polygyra
albicostulata Pilsbry,
1896; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 18-19; pl. 2, figs. 4-6 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1956; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
108: 25; pl. 2, fig 5 (shell).
Linisia
albicostulata
(Pilsbry). Emberton, 1995; Malacologia,
37: 90.
TYPE LOCALITY.- “México”. Holotype presumed to be in the ANSP.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- NAYARÍT.
Drift debris of the Rio Grande de Santiago at Yago.
Polygyra (Linisia) anilis (Gabb, 1865)
Helix
anilis Gabb, 1865;
Amer. Jour. Conch., 1: 209; pl. 19, figs. 1-4 (shell).- Fischer & Crosse, 1872; Miss. Sci. Mex.,
I: 269.
Polygyra
analis (Gabb). Tryon, 1867; Amer. Jour. Conch., 3: 158, 176;
pl. 7, figs. 17-18 (shell).- Von Martens,
1892; Biol. Cent. Amer., I: 172.-
Pilsbry, 1956; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 108: 27; pl. 2, figs. 7-7a
(shell).
Linisia
anlis (Gabb).
Emberton, 1995; Malacologia, 37: 90.
Helix
solidens Mabille,
1895; Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, (8), 7: 65.
TYPE LOCALITIES.- Helix anilis: Near Guaymas, Sonora; lectotype: ANSP 33447a (H. B. Baker, 1963:
241). Helix solidens: south of the village of Guaymas, Sonora.
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS.- Coastal
lowland of Sonora. SONORA: nr. Ortiz
Station; Pitahaya; numerous places along hwy. from Cameja to Navojoa.
Polygyra (Linisia) ariadnae (Pfeiffer, 1848)
Helix
ariadnae Pfeiffer,
1848; Zeitschr. f. Malak., 120.-
Pfeiffer, in Martini &
Chemnitz, Syst. Conch. Cab., (2 ed.), Helix,
I: 372; pl. 65, figs. 29-31 (shell).-
Binney & Bland, 1869; Land and freshwater shells N. A., 1: 104;
figs. 180 (shell).
Helix
(Polygyra) texasiana Pfeiffer. Fischer
& Crosse, 1872; Miss. Sci. Mex., I: 287; pl. 12, figs. 8-8c.
Polygyra ariadnae (Pfeiffer). Binney, 1869; Terr. Air-breath. Moll. N. A., V: 280; fig. 179.- Binney, 1985; Man. Amer. Land Moll.: 376; fig. 11 (shell).- Strebel, 1880; Beitrag., IV: 50; pl. 3, fig. 3 (shell).- Pilsbry, 1928; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80: 117.- Pilsbry, 1956; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.