CHECKLIST OF CROCODILIANS, TUATARA, AND TURTLES OF THE WORLD

CLASS: Reptilia Laurenti 1768, Spec. Med. Synops. Rept. :17.

DISTRIBUTION: Temperate and tropical regions.
COMMENT: The literature and taxonomy of the Class was presented by Dowling and Duellman 1978, Syst. Herpet. 51.3-118.3.

ORDER: Crocodylia (Gmelin 1789), In: Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1:1057.

ORIGINAL NAME: Crocodili Gmelin 1789.
DISTRIBUTION: Essentially circumtropical; with a few species reaching into the warm temperate zones.
COMMENT: Synonymies and review of species available in Wermuth 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 29(2):375-514, and Wermuth and Mertens 1977, Das Tierreich 100:135-150. Smith and Smith 1977, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico 5:53-54, discussed the nomenclature of the group name, including justification for using Crocodylia (Gmelin 1789) rather than Crocodilia (Owen 1842) as the ordinal name. They also reviewed evidence for recognizing two families, Crocodylidae and Gavialidae with three subfamilies in the former, Alligatorinae, Crocodylinae, and Tomistominae, rather than the more traditional three families, Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, and Gavialidae; see also Sill 1968, Copeia (1):76-88. On the basis of biochemical and immunological systematics, Densmore 1983, Evol. Biol. 16:397-465, places Tomistoma in the Gavialidae. Buffetaut 1985, Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. Paläont. Stuttgart :707-716, also places Tomistoma in the Gavialidae based on fossil and biochemical data. This checklist follows a middle ground in recognizing three families, but breaks the Crocodylidae into the Crocodylinae and Tomistominae. Ross and Mayer 1983, :305-331, In: Rhodin and Miyata, Adv. Herpet. Evol. Biol., reviewed the recent species based on dorsal armor. Brooks 1981, Syst. Zool. 30:236, presented a phylogeny of the crocodylian genera, based on a phylogenetic analysis of their digenean parasites. Steel 1973, Handbuch Paläoherpet., Pt. 16:1-116, reviewed the fossil forms. See also Neill 1971, Last Ruling Rept., for popular review.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.

FAMILY: Alligatoridae (Cuvier 1807), Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 10:63.

ORIGINAL NAME: Alligatores.
DISTRIBUTION: Coastal plain of North America from North Carolina to Texas; southern Mexico through Ecuador on the Pacific coast and to northern Argentina on the Atlantic coast; and the lower Yangtze river drainage in southeastern China.
COMMENT: As first formed, the group name was Alligatores; the first use of Alligatoridae was by Gray 1844, Cat. Tort. Croc. Amphisb. British Mus. :56.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.

Alligator Cuvier 1807, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10:25.

TYPE SPECIES: Crocodilus mississipiensis Daudin 180l [1802].
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern U.S.A. and southeastern China.
COMMENT: Stejneger and Barbour 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept. :41, first designated Crocodilus lucius Cuvier 1807, the type species of Crocodilus mississipiensis Daudin 1801 [1802], Hist. Nat. Gén. Part. Rept. 2:412. Mertens 1956, In: Hemming, Bull. Zool. Nomen. 12(6):175, designated the holotype specimen used by Daudin as the lectotype of Crocodilus lucius Cuvier 1807, making these two species objective synonyms. Hemming 1958, Opin. Declar. Rendered Intl. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 1(F.8):87-126, reports the Intl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. then ruled that Crocodilus mississipiensis Daudin 1801 [1802], was the type species of the genus Alligator Cuvier 1807.
CONTRIBUTOR: F. Wayne King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN, US.
COMMON NAME: Alligators.

Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin 1801 [1802]), Hist. Nat. Gén. Part. Rept. 2:412.

ORIGINAL NAME: Crocodilus mississipiensis.
TYPE: Holotype: MNHN, according to Guibé (personal reply in Hemming 1956, Bull. Zool. Nomen. 12:173).
TYPE LOCALITY: "les bords du Mississipi," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A., the coastal plain from eastern Texas, through south Florida to eastern North Carolina.
COMMENT: Holbrook 1842, N. Am. Herpet. 2:53 and pl. 7, emended Daudin's `mississipiensis' to the present spelling, and that emendation was declared valid by the Intl. Comm. Zool. Nomen., see Hemming 1958, Opin. Declar. Rendered Intl. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 1F(F.8):87-126. Literature review and synonymy in Smith and Smith 1977, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico 5:61-66.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed, G. Mayer, F. Ross.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix II; and U.S.A. Endangered Species Act:Recovered to point that it was removed as a Threatened and Endangered Species; however, it is still listed as Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance in order to monitor trade in relation to other crocodilian species with which its hide might be confused. Briefly evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:xliii, and listed as Out of Danger. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.001.001:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.001.001:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Alligator, Gator, American alligator, Florida alligator, Mississippi alligator, Louisiana alligator.

Alligator sinensis Fauvel 1879, J. N. China Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., Shanghai, N.S. 13:34.

TYPE: Holotype: MNHN 6494.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Chinkiang" [=Zhenjiang], Kiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; reported as "Wuhu, Anhwei" Province, by Pope 1935, Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10:65. See Comments below.
DISTRIBUTION: Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, People's Republic of China.
COMMENT: There is confusion concerning the type locality. Fauvel 1879, J. N. China Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., N.S. 13:34, based his description on 6 specimens: the first specimen (Fauvel 1879:28), from Wuhu, was dissected and later mounted for display at the Shanghai Museum. He then sought ". . .another specimen to be forwarded to Paris, in order to have the species named. This appeal was duly responded to on the 3rd of October last, when we received a second specimen from Chinkiang." Four additional specimens, were purchased in Shanghai (Fauvel 1879:29); two live specimens reputed to have been collected in Poyang Lake, Kiangsi Province, and two skins with skulls attached lacking exact provenience. Presumably the one shipped to Paris, clearly intended to be the holotype, was the specimen from Chinkiang (present English transliteration is Zhenjiang, Chinkjang, or Chenchiang). It arrived at the MNHN in good order (Fauvel 1879:36f). Because it possesses morphological characteristics superficially reminiscent of caimans, Deraniyagala 1947, Proc. Third Ann. Sessions Ceylon Assoc. Sci., Pt. 2:12, placed the Chinese alligator in a new genus, Caigator. That placement has not been supported by any later author, since some of those characteristics are present in varying degrees in the American alligator. Distribution reviewed by Huang, Lin, and Zhang 1986, Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica 4(4):360-371.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix I; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Endangered. Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:283-286, and listed as Endangered. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.001.002:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.001.002:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CN.
COMMON NAME: Chinese alligator, T'o, Yow Lung, Yangtze alligator.

Caiman Spix 1825, Anim. Spec. Nov. Lacert. Brasil. :3.

TYPE SPECIES: Caiman fissipes Spix 1825 (=Crocodilus latirostris Daudin 1801 [1802]), by subsequent designation of Schmidt 1928, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. 12(17):207.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to Ecuador west of the Andes and to northern Argentina east of the Andes.
COMMENT: ZSM 2515, 0a designated lectotype of Caiman fissipes Spix 1825, by Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983, Spixiana Suppl. 9:380. Reviewed by Smith and Smith 1977, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico 5:67-71.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AR, BO, BR, CO, CR, CU, EC, GF, GT, GY, HN, MX, NI, PA, PE, PR, PY, SR, SV, TT, US, UY, VE.

Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus 1758), Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:200.

ORIGINAL NAME: Lacerta crocodilus.
TYPES: At least 4 Syntypes, 2 in NRM and 2 in ZMUU; the 60cm s-v length discolored and desiccated syntype in the ZMUU, referred to as the "type specimen" by Lönnberg 1896, Bihang Kongl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. 22(1):9 and as the "holotipo" by Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:55, was designated lectotype of Lacerta crocodilus Linnaeus 1758, by Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983, Spixiana Suppl. 9:379.
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to northern Argentina; Trinidad and Tobago; introduced on Isla de Juventud (=Isla de Pinos), Cuba, Puerto Rico, and south Florida, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:53-64, reviewed, in detail, the nomenclature of this species and attempted to show Caiman sclerops Schneider 1801 to be the correct name for this taxon. Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983, Spixiana Suppl. 9:379, preempted that proposed name change by designating the lectotype of Lacerta crocodilus Linnaeus 1758. Fuchs 1971, Das Leder 22(9):202, described Caiman c. matogrossoiensis from the Brazilian Mato Grosso and Caiman c. paraguayiensis from Paraguay. Fuchs 1974, Die Krokodilhaut :1-183, redescribed these taxa, now spelled matogrossiensis and paraguaiensis. Wermuth and Mertens 1977, Das Tierreich 100:137-138, considered Fuchs's 1971 names to be nomina nuda, but recognized Fuchs's 1974 taxa. Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:29-42, and Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:23-29, 35-41, the last revisor of the group, relegated matogrossoiensis and paraguayiensis to the synonym of yacare (see comment in Caiman yacare). See also the review by Smith and Smith 1977, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico 5:67-79. This checklist follows Medem in recognizing:

Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis Medem 1955, Fieldiana Zool. 37:340.

Original Name: Caiman sclerops apaporiensis. Type: FMNH 69812. Type Locality: "Upper Río Apaporis, Comisaria Amazonas, Colombia." Distribution: The 200 km stretch of the upper Apaporis river between the falls of Jirijirimo and Puerto Yaviya. Comment: The original published type locality contained a typographical error, "Comisariato Amazonas," which Medem corrected by hand in reprints he sent out. Reviewed by Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:40-41, 66, 76, 78, 87-90, 281-291. Geographic Code: CO.

Caiman crocodilus chiapasius (Bocourt 1876), J. Zool. Paris 5:400-401.

Original Name: Alligator (Jacare) chiapasius. Types: 4 Syntypes: MNHN 6623, 7836, 7837, and 1876-90. Type Locality: Valley of Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico. Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico, south through the Pacific drainages to Colombia and possibly Ecuador, and in the Atlantic drainages from Honduras to the Gulf of Uraba, Colombia. Comment: The mounted female, MNHN 6623; a mounted male, MNHN 7836; a juvenile alcoholic, MNHN 7837; and a skull, 1876-90 presently identified as syntypes do not match Bocourt's (1876:400-401) statements that the syntypes were five skins. Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:66, mistakenly cited as paratypes a skull and mounted specimen in the MCZ which were received directly from Sumichrast and were not seen by Bocourt. Reviewed by Medem 1962, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat. 11(14):279-303; Smith and Smith 1977, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico 5:73-79; Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:36-37, 66-67, 80-81, 90-92, 292-299; and Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:24-29. Geographic Code: CO, CR, EC, GT, HN, MX, NI, PA, SV.

Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Linnaeus 1758), Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:200.

Original Name: Lacerta crocodilus. Types: As for the species. Type Locality: Unknown. Distribution: Colombia, except for the Pacific coast drainages, to Peru and the Brazilian Amazon drainage north and east of Bolivia, and the Orinoco river system of Venezuela. Comment: Reviewed under Caiman sclerops by Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:37-42, 309-315; and Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:23-29, 47-55, 76-78, 89-93, 97-99, 106, 114-115, 135-138. Geographic Code: BR, CO, EC, GF, GY, PE, SR, VE.

Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Cope 1868), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia :203.

Original Name: Perosuchus fuscus. Type: ANSP 9720. Type Locality: "Rio Magdalena in Nueva Granada" (=Colombia). Distribution: Atlantic coastal drainages of Colombia and Venezuela. Comment: Reviewed by Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:36, 66-67, 76, 81-86, 300-308; and and Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:56-58. Geographic Code: CO, VE.

CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed, G. Mayer, F. Ross.
STATUS: CITES: Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis is listed on Appendix I, and all other subspecies are on Appendix II; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis is listed as Endangered; see also comment under Caiman yacare. Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:287-299, and listed Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis as Indeterminate, Caiman c. crocodilus and Caiman c. fuscus as Vulnerable. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.002.001:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.002.001a-1e:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BR, BZ, CO, CR, CU, EC, GF, GT, GY, HN, MX, NI, PA, PE, PR, SR, SV, TT, US, VE.
COMMON NAME: Spectacled caiman, Common caiman, Lagarto, Baba, Babilla, Jacarétinga, Tinga, Tulisio, Jacaré de lunetas, Lagarto blanco, Lagarto negro, Ocoroche, Yacaré blanco, Cachirre, Cuajipalo, Cascarudo, Cocodrillo.

Caiman latirostris (Daudin 1801 [1802]), Hist. Nat. Gén. Part. Rept. 2:417.

ORIGINAL NAME: Crocodilus latirostris.
TYPE: Holotype: MNHN 7769; MNRJ 1258 designated neotype by Freiberg and Carvalho 1965, Physis 25(70):360, but as the holotype is still extant, the neotype designation is not valid, see comment below.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Joinville, Sta. [Santa] Catarina," Brazil, designated by Freiberg and Carvalho 1965, Physis 25(70):360.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern South America, Atlantic drainages north of 35°S., including northern and eastern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, northern and eastern Bolivia, and southern Brazil to 5°S. on the coast.
COMMENT: Freiberg and Carvalho 1965, Physis 25(70):360, list the register number of the holotype, MNHN 7769, and then nevertheless designate a neotype, MNRJ 1258. They do not provide any justification for this action. According to Art. 75 of the Intl. Code Zool. Nomen. such a designation is not valid. However, Freiberg and Carvalho's restriction of the type locality is acceptable. Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:182-184, recognized the two subspecies of Freiberg and Carvalho 1965, Physis 25(70):351-360. Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983, Spixiana Suppl. 9:380, discussed the name Caiman fissipes Spix 1825, and concluded that it is a synonym of C. latirostris.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix I; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Endangered. Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:305-309, and listed as Endangered. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.002.002:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.002.002:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AR, BO, BR, PY, UY.
COMMON NAME: Broad-snouted caiman, Broad-nosed caiman, Jacaré overo, Overo, Lagarto del Chaco, Jacaré de papo amarelo, Jacaré de garganta amarillo, Jacaré verde, Ururan, Yacaré de hocico ancho.

Caiman yacare (Daudin 1801 [1802]), Hist. Nat. Gén. Part. Rept. 2:407.

ORIGINAL NAME: Crocodilus yacare.
TYPE: Not traced.
TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay.
DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and southwestern Brazil.
COMMENT: Wermuth and Mertens 1977, Das Tierreich 100:138, and King and Brazaitis 1971, Zoologica 56(2):21, treat this taxon as a subspecies of Caiman crocodilus, but there has been remarkably little justification given. Medem 1960, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 36(1):129, described its distinctive morphology and showed Daudin's 1801 [1802] Hist. Nat. Gén. Part. Rept. 2:407, description of yacare was based solely on Azara's 1801, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Quadrúp. Paraguay 2:310-315, account of the caimans of the Paraguay River and eastward; see also Schmidt 1928, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. 12(17):205-231. The last revisor, Medem 1981, Croc. Sur America 1:29,34, and Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:23-29, recognized it as a full species, again describing its distinctive morphology. Without designating it a full species, Densmore 1983, Evol. Biol. 16:397-465, showed that there was more evolutionary distance between yacare and the other subspecies of Caiman crocodilus than there was among the other subspecies. Recognition of Caiman yacare as a full species demands reexamination of the relationship of matogrossoiensis and paraguayiensis to Caiman crocodilus. Fuchs 1971, Das Leder 22(9):202, improperly displaced the type locality of C. yacare to Bolivia in his description of paraguayiensis. In their effort to define the geographic distributions of Caiman c. matogrossiensis (=matogrossoiensis) and C. c. paraguayensis (=paraguayiensis), taxa based on commercial hides lacking exact collection localities, Fuchs and Wermuth progressively changed their reported distribution of yacare -- Fuchs 1974, Die Krokodilhaut :74, and Wermuth and Mertens 1977, Das Tierreich 100:138, indicated the distribution of yacare as southern Bolivia, the Brazilian Mato Grosso, southward to the Rio Paraguay and the mouth of the Rio Parana, essentially surrounding paraguayensis on the northwest, north, and eastern sides. Wermuth and Fuchs 1978, Bestimm Krok. Haute 34:49 and 52, shows paraguayensis splitting the distribution of yacare completely in two, with one population of yacare in southern Bolivia and eastern Argentina, and another in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil (where it overlaps matogrossiensis) and southward to the mouth of the Parana. Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual 5: L-306.001.002.001d-1f., list the distribution of C. c. yacare as northeastern Argentina, western and southern Brazil (from Mato Grosso south to the Rio Paraguay and the mouth of the Rio Parana), southern Paraguay, entirely replacing the taxon in Bolivia with C. c. crocodilus. See comment under Caiman crocodilus.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed, G. Mayer, F. Ross.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix II; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Endangered (as Caiman crocodilus yacare). Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:301-304, (as Caiman crocodilus yacare) and listed as Indeterminate. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.002.001:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.002.001f:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AR, BO, BR, PY.
COMMON NAME: Jacaré, Yacaré, Lagarto, Yacaré de hocico angosto, Yacaré negro, Jacaré de lunetas, Jacarétinga, Parana caiman.

Melanosuchus Gray 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3)10:328.

TYPE SPECIES: Caiman niger Spix 1825, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the only species.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BO, BR, CO, EC, GF, GY, PE.

Melanosuchus niger (Spix 1825), Anim. Spec. Nov. Lacert. Brasil. :3.

ORIGINAL NAME: Caiman niger.
TYPES: 3 Syntypes: ZSM 3,0 (now lost), 2480,0 and 3039,0; ZSM 2480,0 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983, Spixiana Suppl. 9:380.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Fluminis Amazonium et Solimoens", Brazil.
DISTRIBUTION: Amazon drainage north and east from Peru and Bolivia, and eastern French Guiana and inland Guyana.
COMMENT: Based on verbal reports of hide dealers, and though he had no definite proof in the form of preserved specimens or personal sightings, Medem 1983, Croc. Sur America 2:176-177, reported the possibility of Melanosuchus occurring in the Rio Paraguay, Paraguay. Reviewed by Medem 1963, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. Exact. Fís. Nat. 12(45):5-19.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix I; U.S.A. Endangered Species Act: Endangered. Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. 1:311-317, and listed as Endangered. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.003.001:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.003.001:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BO, BR, CO, EC, GF, GY, PE.
COMMON NAME: Black caiman, Jacaré açu, Jacaré uassu, Jacaré assu, Jacaré guaçu, Caimán, Caimán negro, Jacaré jhu, Jacaré negro, Jacaré una, Cocodrilo.

Paleosuchus Gray 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3)10:330.

TYPE SPECIES: Crocodilus trigonatus Schneider 1801, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: Northern and central South America.
COMMENT: See comments under Paleosuchus trigonatus.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix II.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BO, BR, CO, EC, GF, GY, PE, PY, SR.
COMMON NAME: Smooth-fronted caiman, Jacaré coroa, Jacaré curua, Cachirre, Musky caiman.

Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier 1807), Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10:35.

ORIGINAL NAME: Crocodilus palpebrosus.
TYPE: Holotype: MNHN 7530, according to Vaillant 1898, Nouv. Arch. Mus. (3)10:174, and MNHN 7531 according to Vaillant 1898 Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (3)10:182.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Cayenne," French Guiana.
DISTRIBUTION: Colombia and the Guianas to southern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King.
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix II. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.004.001:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.004.000:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BO, BR, CO, EC, GF, GY, PE, PY, SR, VE.
COMMON NAME: Dwarf caiman, Cuvier's smooth-fronted caiman, Jacaré pagua, Cachirre, Cocodrilo, Musky caiman.

Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider 1801), Hist. Amph. Nat. Lit. 2:161.

ORIGINAL NAME: Crocodilus trigonatus.
TYPE: Holotype: ZMB 243.
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Colombia and the Guianas to northern Bolivia and southcentral Brazil.
COMMENT: Müller 1924, Zool. Anz. 58:319, showed that Crocodylus niloticus was based on Seba's illustration of Paleosuchus trigonatus; see also Schmidt 1928, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. 12(17):206-208; Stejneger 1933, Copeia (3):117-120; and Mook and Mook 1940, Am. Mus. Novit. 1098:1-10.
CONTRIBUTOR: W. King
REVIEWER: P. Brazaitis, K. Dodd, M. Hoogmoed.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix II. See Wermuth and Fuchs 1983, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual. 3: A-306.001.004.002:1-2 and 5: L-306.001.004.000:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: BO, BR, CO, EC, GF, GY, PE, SR, VE.
COMMON NAME: Schneider's smooth-fronted caiman, Cachirre, Jacaré coroa.

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