SUBFAMILY: Emydinae Lydekker 1889, In: Nicholson and Lydekker, Manual Paleont. 2:117.

DISTRIBUTION: Americas and Eurasia; North Africa
COMMENT: Phylogenetic relationships discussed by McDowell 1964, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 143(2):239-279, and Bramble 1974, Copeia (3):707-727. Nomenclatural and taxonomic history discussed by Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:413-415.
REVIEWER: M. Seidel.

Chrysemys Gray 1844, Cat. Tort. Croc. Amphisb. British Mus. :27.

TYPE SPECIES: Testudo picta Schneider 1783, by subsequent designation of Brown 1908, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 60:114.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
COMMENT: Considered by McDowell 1964, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 143:239-279; Weaver and Rose 1967, Tulane Stud. Zool. 14:63-73; and Holman, 1977, Herpetologica 33:274-276, to include Pseudemys (though the latter had doubts about the arrangement). This view was refuted by Vogt and McCoy 1980, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49:93-102; Ernst and Ernst 1980, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 93:339-345; and Seidel and Smith 1986, Herpetologica 42(2):238-244. See also Obst 1983, Schmuckschildkr. Gatt. Chrysemys 112 p.; Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:418-433, for discussion and partial review.
REVIEWER: M. Seidel.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, MX, US.
COMMON NAME: Painted turtles.

Chrysemys picta (Schneider 1783), Allgem. Naturgesch. Schildkr. :348.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo picta.
TYPE: Not designated.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Unknown, said to have been England" (in error) according to Stejneger and Barbour 1943, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 93(1):203; later designated as "Lancaster, Pennsylvania," U.S.A., by Mittleman 1945, Copeia (3):171; and as "vicinity of New York City," New York, U.S.A., by Schmidt 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept. ed. 6:99; Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:424, reported this last designation was invalid.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Canada, the U.S.A. (originally absent from Florida and the southwest, but now introduced populations are scattered through the area), and extreme northern Chihuahua, Mexico.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1971, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 106:1-4.
REVIEWER: M. Seidel, G. Zug.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, MX, US.
COMMON NAME: Painted turtle.

Clemmys Ritgen 1828, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 14: 270.

TYPE SPECIES: Testudo punctata Schoepf 1792 (=Testudo guttata Schneider 1792), by subsequent designation of Baur 1892, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 30:43.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern and western North America; southeastern Canada and eastern Minnesota to northern Florida, U.S.A., and extreme southwestern Canada to northern Baja California, Mexico.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Bury and Ernst 1977, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 203:1-2. Merkle 1975, Herpetologica 31:162-166, studied relationships using electrophoresis. Nomenclatural history discussed by Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:529-533.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, MX, US.
COMMON NAME: Marsh turtles.

Clemmys guttata (Schneider 1792), Schr. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 10:264.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo guttata.
TYPE: Not known to exist.
TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown; designated as "vicinity of Philadelphia," Pennsylvania, U.S.A., by Mittleman 1945, Copeia (3):171.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Quebec, Canada, to extreme northeastern Illinois and northern Florida, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 124:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, US.
COMMON NAME: Spotted turtle.

Clemmys insculpta (Le Conte 1830 [1829]), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York 3:112.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo insculpta.
TYPE: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: "inhabits the northern states," U.S.A.; restricted to the "vicinity of New York City" by Schmidt 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., ed. 6:92.
DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, Canada, to northern Virginia and eastern Minnesota, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 125:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, US.
COMMON NAME: Wood turtle.

Clemmys marmorata (Baird and Girard 1852), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6:177.

ORIGINAL NAME: Emys marmorata.
TYPES: 4 Syntypes: USNM 7594, 7595, 7596, and 131830 (formerly 7593)
TYPE LOCALITY: "Puget Sound," Washington, U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Extreme southwestern British Columbia, Canada, south through California and extreme western Nevada, U.S.A., to northern Baja California, Mexico.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Bury 1970, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 100:1-3, and Smith and Smith 1979, Synops. Herpetofauna Mexico Turt. 6:534-541.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, MX, US.
COMMON NAME: Western pond turtle, Pacific pond turtle.

Clemmys muhlenbergii (Schoepf 1801). Illustration by Urs Woy. Copyright © 1989, 1997 Association of Systematics Collections.

Clemmys muhlenbergii (Schoepf 1801), Hist. Testud. Icon. Illustr.:132.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo muhlenbergii.
TYPE: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Pennsylvaniae"; restricted to "Lancaster, Pennsylvania," U.S.A., by Stejneger and Barbour 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept.4:114.
DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A., western Massachusetts to eastern Pennsylvania, and southwestern Virginia to northeastern Georgia, with separate populations in western New York and western Pennsylvania.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Ernst and Bury 1977, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 204:1-2.
STATUS: CITES: Appendix II; Evaluated by Groombridge 1982, IUCN Amph. Rept. Red Data Book, Pt. I:31-33, and listed as Indeterminate. See Honegger 1985, In: Dollinger, CITES Ident. Manual 3: A-301.007.007.004:1-2.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Bog turtle, Muhlenberg's turtle.

Deirochelys Agassiz 1857, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U.S.A. Testud. 1:441.

TYPE SPECIES: Testudo reticularia Latreille 1801, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Chicken turtle.

Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille 1801), In: Sonnini and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept. 1:124.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo reticularia.
TYPE: Formerly in MNHN, now lost; CHM 54.48.1 designated neotype by Schwartz 1956, Fieldiana: Zool. 34:466.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Carolina," restricted to "Charleston," South Carolina, U.S.A., by Harper 1940, Am. Midl. Nat. 23:692-723; neotype is from "9 miles northwest of Charleston, Charleston Co., South Carolina," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Texas and Oklahoma to southeastern Missouri, Florida and extreme southeastern Virginia, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Zug and Schwartz 1971, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 107:1-3.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Chicken turtle.

Emydoidea Gray 1870, Suppl. Cat. Shield Rept. British Mus. 1:19.

TYPE SPECIES: Cistuda blandingii Holbrook 1838, by monotypy.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, US.
COMMON NAME: Blanding's turtle.

Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook 1838), N. Am. Herpetol., ed. 1, 3:35 and pl. 5.

ORIGINAL NAME: Cistudo blandingii.
TYPE: Holotype: ANSP 26123.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Fox river, a tributary of the Illinois," Illinois, U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Northern U.S.A. and southern Canada, Nebraska through the Great Lakes region to southern Quebec, with disjunct populations from southern New York to southern Maine and Nova Scotia.
COMMENT: Reviewed by McCoy 1973, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 136:1-4. See Frair 1982, Copeia (4):976-978, for relationship with Emys.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, US.
COMMON NAME: Blanding's turtle.

Emys Duméril 1806, Zool. Analyt.:76.

TYPE SPECIES: Testudo europaea Schneider 1783 (=Testudo orbicularis Linnaeus 1758), by subsequent designation of Fitzinger 1843, Syst. Rept. 1:29.
DISTRIBUTION: As for the single species
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AL, BE, BG, CH, CS, DD, DE, DZ, ES, FR, GR, HU, IR, IT, MA, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SY, TN, TR, SU, YU.
COMMON NAME: European pond turtle.

Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758), Syst Nat., ed. 10, 1:198.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo orbicularis.
TYPE: Unknown.
TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Europe.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Mediterranean coast of Africa, through most of Europe to central Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R. Introductions beyond natural range are fairly common.
COMMENT: See Loveridge and Williams 1957, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 115:202-209, for synonymy and review. See Frair 1982, Copeia (4):976-978, for relationship with Emydoidea.
STATUS: Berne Convention: Appendix II. Assayed by Honegger 1981, Handb. Rept. Amph. Europas Suppl. :92, for the Council of Europe and listed as Vulnerable, and reported to be protected by law in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Federal Republic of Germany, Democratic Republic of Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: AL, BE, BG, CH, CS, DD, DE, DZ, ES, FR, GR, HU, IR, IT, MA, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SU, SY, TN, TR, YU.
COMMON NAME: European pond turtle, European pond tortoise, Cistude, Europäische Sumpfschilkröte.

Graptemys Agassiz 1857, Contrib. Nat. Hist. U.S.A. Testud. 1:436.

TYPE SPECIES: Testudo geographica LeSueur 1817, by subsequent designation of Stejneger and Barbour 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept. 4:117.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern U.S.A. and southeastern Canada.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, US.
COMMON NAME: Map turtles.

Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand 1942, Proc. New England Zool. Club, Boston 20:98.

TYPE: Holotype: MCZ 46251.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Chipola River north of Marianna, Jackson County, Florida," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Alabama, southwestern Georgia, and western Florida, in the Apalachicola-Chipola river drainage, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Cagle 1952, Copeia (4):223-234.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Barbour's map turtle.

Graptemys caglei Haynes and McKown 1974, Tulane Stud. Zool. Bot. 18:143.

TYPE: Holotype: TNHC 36061.
TYPE LOCALITY: "The Guadalupe River, 8 km NW Cuero, De Witt Co. Texas," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Guadalupe and San Antonio rivers, Texas, U.S.A.
COMMENT: The name Graptemys caglei was first, without adequate description or diagnosis, used by Larry Lantz, a North American reptile dealer in his 5 May 1972 price list; see Pritchard 1979, Encyl. Turt. :149. Reviewed by Haynes 1976, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 184:1-2.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Cagle's map turtle.

Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle 1954, Tulane Stud. Zool. 1:167.

TYPE: Holotype: TU 14798.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Pascagoula River, 13 miles S.W. of Lucedale, George Co., Mississippi," U.S.A.; restricted to Pascagoula River at Old Benndale Crossing (T3S, R8W, Sec. 1), George County, by Cliburn 1971, J. Mississippi Acad. Sci. 16:17.
DISTRIBUTION: Pascagoula River drainage, Mississippi, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by McCoy and Vogt 1987, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 403:1-2.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Yellow-blotched sawback.

Graptemys geographica (LeSueur 1817), J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1:86.

ORIGINAL NAME: Testudo geographica.
TYPE: Not traced.
TYPE LOCALITY: "marsh on the borders of Lake Erie," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Canada and east-central U.S.A., from southern Quebec and Minnesota to northern Alabama and Louisiana.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: CA, US.
COMMON NAME: Map turtle, Common map turtle.

Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954, Tulane Stud. Zool. 1:173.

TYPE: Holotype: TU 14662.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Black Warrior River, above Lock 9, 17.5 miles SSW of Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Drainages of the Alabama, Black Warrior and Tombigbee rivers in Alabama, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Mount 1975, Rept. Amph. Alabama :275-278.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Black-knobbed sawback, Black-knobbed map turtle.

Graptemys oculifera (Baur 1890), Science (1)16:262.

ORIGINAL NAME: Malacoclemmys oculifera.
TYPES: 2 Syntypes: USNM 15511 and MCZ 6430; Carr 1952, Handb. Turt. :201, indicates Baur sent a "cotype" to the MCZ in 1895; Barbour and Loveridge 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 69(10):303, cited MCZ 6430 as holotype; Cochran 1961, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 220:233, cited USNM 15511 as holotype and three others as paratypes.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Mandeville, La." (=Mandeville, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana), U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Pearl River drainage of Louisiana and Mississippi, U.S.A.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Ringed map turtle, Ringed sawback.

Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle 1953, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 546:10.

ORIGINAL NAME: Graptemys pseudogeographica ouachitensis.
TYPE: UMMZ 104345.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Ouachita River, four miles northeast of Harrisonburg, Louisiana," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Louisiana to Kansas and northern Alabama, West Virginia and Ohio to Minnesota.
COMMENT: Vogt 1980, Tulane Stud. Zool. Bot. 22:17-48, cited his unpublished PhD dissertation, Vogt 1978, Systematics and ecology of the false map turtle complex Graptemys pseudogeographica, Univ. Wisconsin, as justification for elevating this taxon to a full species. Vogt 1981, Am. Midland Nat. 105(1):102-111, lists food partitioning as an additional justification.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Ouachita map turtle.

Graptemys pseudogeographica (Gray 1831), Synops. Rept. Cataphracta 1:31.

ORIGINAL NAME: Emys pseudogeographica.
TYPES: Not stated, but MNHN 9136, 9137, 9146, and 9147 are labeled as syntypes; MNHN 9147 designated lectotype by Bour and Dubois 1983, Bull. Men. Soc. Linn. Lyon 52:42-46.
TYPE LOCALITY: Not stipulated; from Wabash River, New Harmony, Indiana, U.S.A., according to LeSueur 1827, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 15:257-268, and "Etats-Unis, Indiana, rivière Wabash, entre MontVernon et Chaumetown (=Shawneetown), c'est-à-dire près du confluent de la Wabash et de l'Ohio" according to Bour and Dubois 1983, Bull. Men. Soc. Linn. Lyon 52:42.
DISTRIBUTION: North Dakota and southern Minnesota to western Ohio, south to Louisiana, and eastern Texas, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Vogt 1980, Tulane Stud. Zool. Bot. 22:17-48, included Graptemys kohnii (Baur 1890) in this species.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: False map turtle.

Graptemys pulchra Baur 1893, Am. Nat. 27(319):675.

TYPES: 2 Syntypes: USNM 8808 and 29526.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Montgomery, Ala." (=Montgomery, Alabama), U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Louisiana to extreme northwestern Georgia and western Florida, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Cagle 1952, Copeia (4):223-234, and Shealy 1976, Bull. Florida State Mus. Biol. Sci. 21(2):47-111.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Alabama map turtle.

Graptemys versa Stejneger 1925, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 15:463.

ORIGINAL NAME: Graptemys pseudogeographica versa.
TYPE: Holotype: USNM 27473.
TYPE LOCALITY: "Austin, Texas," U.S.A.
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado River drainage in Texas, U.S.A.
COMMENT: Reviewed by Vogt 1981, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 280:1-2.
REVIEWER: F. Killebrew.
GEOGRAPHIC CODE: US.
COMMON NAME: Texas map turtle.

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